本論文分為兩部分，第一部分為過渡金屬氧化物Fe3O4修飾於管狀有序中孔洞碳材CMK-9，以含浸法合成出Fe3O4@CMK-9奈米複合材料，並應用於鋰離子電極的負極。Fe3O4的理論電容高達925 mAh/g，其自然資源含量豐富且成本低，但具有過渡金屬氧化物充放電後體積變化大的缺點，利用中孔洞碳材CMK-9的有序孔道能有效抑制其體積膨脹及提升導電度，在電流密度100 mA/g下進行電性測試，經過50圈循環後，能得到高達1117 mAh/g的優異電容量表現。 第二部分為通過奈米模鑄法(Nanocasting)合成出中孔洞碳氮材料（MUFC），利用摻雜Cu的過渡金屬氧化物SnO2中孔洞碳氮材，以含浸法合成出Cu摻雜SnO2@MUFC奈米複合材料，藉由MUFC上不僅可以利用有缺陷的CN位點和氮間隙，可以很均勻分散二氧化錫金屬顆粒，且由於其具有鹼性的含氮位點可有效促進鋰離子的傳遞，並摻入Cu作為晶格膨脹的緩衝劑，必免顆粒聚集的情況發生，藉此提升其電性的表現，在電流密度100 mA/g下進行電性測試，經過50圈循環後，能得到高達1064 mAh/g的優異電容量表現。 ;Transition metal oxides as anode materials in lithium ion batteries have attracted immense attention in recent years due to their high theoretical capacities as compared with commercial graphite. However, the huge volume change during the charge-discharge process leads to unstable electrochemical performances. In first part, we design a tubular nanocomposite of Fe3O4@CMK-9 to solve the problem. A three-dimensional (3-D) hollow-type ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-9) could not only provide enough space during the Li+ insertion-extraction process, but also increase the electrical conductivity. Ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-9 has nanoscale uniform mesopore, large surface area and good conducting network for both Li ions and electrons. Fe3O4 has high theoretical capacity (925 mAh/g), natural abundance and low in cost. Fe3O4@CMK-9 display a high reversible capacity of 1117 mAh/g after 50 cycles at a current density of 100 mAh/g with an outstanding rate performance. The Fe3O4@CMK-9 nanocomposite is expected to have high specific capacity and good cycling performance. In second part, we synthesize nitrogen–rich carbon materials with hierarchical porosity were obtained by pyrolyzing melamine-urea- formaldehyde mesoporous carbonitride materials (MUFC). The MUFC nanocomposite can not only use the defective CN sites and nitrogen gaps on the MUFC, but also can disperse tin oxide metal particles very uniformly. And then MUFC has alkaline nitrogen sites, it can effectively promote the transfer of lithium ions. Copper doping SnO2 could avoid the drastic volume change and aggregation of nanoparticles. Cu-doped SnO2@MUFC display a high reversible capacity of 1064 mAh/g after 50 cycles at a current density of 100 mAh/g with an outstanding rate performance.
