本論文主要研究在相位陣列系統裏，天線陣元互耦，及接收機硬體增益/相位不一致，對波束合成器性能的影響。首先介紹波束合成器的基本原理，在理想情況下，相位陣列系統在接收到信號後，波束合成器如何產生輸出波束，及權重對波束合成器的影響。接著考慮在天線陣元互耦(耦合矩陣)情況下，對波束合成器的影響，並介紹估測耦合矩陣的演算法[3]，及天線陣元互耦效應的校正。除了天線陣元互耦效應外，再加上接收機硬體製做時所產生各通道硬體增益/相位(增益/相位矩陣)不一致對波束合成器的影響。介紹估測天線陣元互耦及接收機硬體增益/相位不一致綜合效應(失真矩陣)的演算法[4][5]，及波束合成器的校正結果。基於估測失真矩陣需用到多個校正源，最後自行發展只需要一個校正源的演算法，先估測增益/相位矩陣，補償硬體的增益/相位不一致效應後，再估測耦合矩陣，將天線陣元互耦效應校正。 The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact on beamformers caused by antenna array mutual coupling and receiver gain/phase unbalance. The first is to introduce the basic principle of beamformers based on ideal conditions, including how beamformers generate output beams after a phased-array system receives signals, and the effects of weight on beamformers. The next is to describe the effects of antenna array mutual coupling (coupled matrix) on beamformers, the algorithm of estimating mutual coupling matrix, and the calibration method for mutual coupling effects. Then to specify the effects of combination of receiver gain/phase (gain/phase matrix) unbalance with mutual coupling on beamformers, and the algorithm of the comprehensive effects of mutual coupling and receiver gain/phase unbalance. The last is to present self-developed algorithm which only requires one calibration source instead of many to estimate distortion matrix. The approach to this algorithm is to estimate gain/phase matrix, to derive a compensation matrix for receiver gain/phase unbalance, to estimate the coupled matrix, and then finally to implement mutual coupling calibration.
