| 摘要: | 電力設備製造業在諸多傳統製造業中，產業生態較屬於相對封閉，同時產品類型多半體積龐大或者重量沈重，而且許多較大型的產品都是屬於少量多樣的型態。更常因應顧客需求，配合用電戶的特性，需要符合不同的規範要求、空間或結構的配合，以致於電力設備製造業客製化程度相當的高。也因為這樣產業的特性，使得在此產業廠商大多屬於內銷型式。國際間除了能做跨國產品設備供應的廠家，多為知名國際大廠，如：ABB、西門子、Hitachi…等等，台灣地區因市場環境、經貿環境等許多因素，更是不容易產生與國際大廠相同階層的廠家。
同時，也因為我國企業規模絕大多數均為中小企業的型態，中小型企業限於人力、財力、物力…等等資源的限制，尤其是電力設備製造產業中更不容易形成能跨出國界，佈局國際市場的中小型企業。除了上述原因之外，電力設備製造業更需要配合當地相關電力法規、政府政策、商業型態才得以開發符合當地的產品，這都不斷限制了電力設備製造業的中小型企業佈局國際市場的機會。
台灣的電力市場已經因為社會以及產業發展日趨成熟，台灣最大的電力設備用戶-台灣電力公司。在歷經民國八十年代的第四、第五輸變電計畫以及民國九十年代的第六輸變電計畫的高速成長時期，國內電力設備製造業有了一波的大幅擴展。近期民國九十九年起開始進行的第七輸變電計畫整體規模僅剩前期的七成，工程進度也仍然一直延宕至今。已經顯示國內電力設備需求已經從往日的積極建置，到了近期的需求放緩，且現多以設備汰換保修為主，若電力設備製造業廠家還只是期望國內需求增大，恐怕已不切實際。
在東南亞諸多國家中，印尼的電力市場潛力是深具開發性，相較於泰國趨於成熟穩定的市場、越南已經熱過頭的市場、柬埔寨國家基礎能力尚缺乏的市場、緬甸由軍政府掌控的市場…等等，印尼相對於各方面條件均為中庸，對於投資者來說，可以在兼顧社會穩定與開發潛力…等綜合考量之下，具有很多吸引人的因素。
本研究將以『中小型企業』的『電力設備製造業』目標在『印尼電力設備市場』為三個元素，並以一家個案公司為例，作出由內銷為主轉進入國際市場的策略分析，進而得出較適宜的策略組合，以展開可以建議的商業佈局模式。;In many traditional manufacturing industries in Taiwan, the electricity equipment manufacturing industry has a relatively closed industrial ecology. At the same time, the most of its products are bulky or heavy, and many of the larger products are customized. Because of the need to meet the different regulatory requirements or space requirements or structural requirements of power companies and power users, the electricity equipment manufacturing industry is heavily customized.It is necessary to meet the requirements of different specifications, space or structure, resulting in a relatively high degree of customization in the electricity equipment manufacturing industry. It is also because of the characteristics of this industry that most of the manufacturers in this industry belong to the domestic sales type. In addition to the manufacturers that can be multinational product and equipment supply all over the world, they are well-known international manufacturers, such as: ABB, Siemens, Hitachi ... etc., because of market environment, international trade environment ... etc. Manufacturers of the same class as major international manufacturers.
Because most of the scale of Taiwan’s enterprises are small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), small and medium-sized enterprises are limited to human, financial, material, etc. resource constraints, and it is not easy to cross the border, especially the electricity equipment manufacturing industry. In addition to these reasons, the electricity equipment manufacturing industry needs to cooperate with the relevant local power regulations, government policies, and business models to develop power equipment products that meet the local requirements
Taiwan ’s electricity equipment manufacturing market has gradually matured due to economic and industrial development. Taiwan’s largest electricity equipment user, Taiwan Power Company, has experienced a wave of substantial expansion during the rapid growth period of 20 years ago. Recently, only projects that have been carried out for many years but have been delayed have shown that the domestic demand for electrical equipment has changed from a large number of previous
installation needs to the recent slowdown in demand, and most of them are mainly based on equipment replacement and maintenance. Electricity equipment manufacturers only expect domestic demand to increase, which is probably not easy.
In many countries in Southeast Asia, the market potential of Indonesia’s electricity equipment manufacturing demand has always been very developmental. Compared with Thailand’s market, it has matured and stabilized. Vietnam’s market has attracted too many countries’ attention. Cambodia’s market is due to the country’s Infrastructure issues, the Burmese market is still under the control of the military junta … etc. The Indonesian market is moderate in terms of all aspects. For investors, under the comprehensive consideration of taking into the account social stability and development potential, etc., there are many attractive factors.
This study will use "small and medium-sized enterprises" in the " electricity equipment manufacturing industry" as the three elements in the "Indonesia electricity equipment market" to engage in research and analysis of investment strategies, further obtain strategic combinations, and finally develop a more appropriate business model. |
