| 摘要: | 近年國內砂石日漸短缺及環保意識高漲，根據國內外的研究在相同樓地板面積，比較鋼筋混凝土結構(RC)、鋼骨鋼筋混凝土結構（SRC）及鋼骨結構(SS)之二氧化碳排放量，發現採用鋼骨結構其二氧化碳排放量最低，加上可回收再生屬綠色建材。目前台灣社會勞工年齡普遍呈現老年化及仰賴外籍移工，藉由教育普及，年輕人不再尋求勞力密集的工作，造成世代交替銜接問題日益嚴重，使得工地鋼構產業面臨技術斷層、缺工、工廠延遲交貨等…問題。然而工地電焊作業屬於工程進度之要徑，需在現場有限的空間、工期及預算內完成電焊作業指派。其中，人力、機具、工區、工期、工項規劃礙於諸多限制條件，終究難以進行最佳化決策。如何更有效率及最低成本的安排工作，是需要持續研究的課題。
本研究運用最佳化理論進行分析評估，考?工地電焊限制條件建構出整數規劃模式，使用LINGO 17.0軟體求得最佳解，輔以Microsoft Excel 2016試算表編輯指派成果。最後，本研究以鋼構大樓電焊人機指派作為範例測試，求得結果與人工指派比較，的確本研究模式較節省成本且更有效率，利用敏感度分析，各參數增減與成本之變化情形，可供管理者成本管控與人員機具資源調配之重要參考依據。;In recent years, the domestic sand and stone shortage and environmental awareness is rising, according to domestic and foreign research in the same floor area, compared reinforced concrete (RC), steel reinforced concrete (SRC) and steel structure (SS) carbon dioxide emissions, found that the use of steel structure its lowest CO2 emissions, plus recycled renewable green building materials. At present, Taiwan′s social labor age generally shows aging and rely on foreign migrant workers, through education, young people no longer seek labor-intensive work, resulting in the generational convergence problem is becoming more and more serious, so that the construction site steel industry is facing technical faults, lack of work, factory delays in delivery and so on ... issue. However, site welding operations are the key path of project progress, and we need to complete the assignment of welding operations within the limited space, duration and budget of the site. Among them, manpower, tools, work areas, duration, work planning due to many constraints, it is difficult to optimize decision-making after all. How to arrange work more efficiently and at the minimum cost is a subject that needs continuous study.
This study uses optimization theory to analyze and evaluate, consider the site welding restriction conditions to construct an integer planning model, using LINGO 17.0 software to find the best solution, supplemented by Microsoft Excel 2016 trial balance editing assignment results. Finally, this study takes the welding machine assignment of steel building as an example test, and compares the results with manual assignment, it is true that this research model is more cost-saving and more efficient, using sensitivity analysis, the change of parameters increase or decrease and cost, which can be used as an important reference for managers′ cost control and personnel and equipment resource allocation. |
