| 摘要: | 《左傳》所記史事之所以能夠發人深省，正是源自於人物形象有細膩的刻畫，使經典意涵透過描繪人物的奸邪善惡潛移默化，達成「以史傳經」的目的。春秋時，魯國大夫孟孫、叔孫、季孫三家，皆為魯桓公之後，史稱「三桓」。三桓影響魯國甚距，其中又以季氏家族最具代表。因此本論文聚焦在《左傳》中如何塑造季友、季文子、季武子、季平子、季桓子、季康子六位季氏執政者的人物形象。本論文共分八章，首章緒論包含以「初」字追敘過去事件的敘事手法、卜筮預言、夢境預言、春秋書法及魯國季氏發展背景，並申論《左傳》人物形象塑造的手法與價值。其後六章分別論述六位季氏執政者，述論《左傳》所塑造出的形象特色：季友重信諾(扁平人物)、季文子謹慎中帶有私欲(圓形人物)、季武子好軍事(扁平人物)、季平子好勝而易與人衝突(圓形人物)、季桓子尚仁德(扁平人物)、季康子雖有主見但又易於不安(圓形人物)。本文以敘事學方法切入，綜合評論、對話、言行，以及敘事脈絡的因果關係，並關注意人物之間的衝突與對比，透過這些人物形象書寫的關鍵因素，深掘人物的複雜性。最後由《左傳》季氏人物形象的刻劃手法，歸納出其主要以「評論」、「情緒」、「行為」、「預敘」四項技巧，塑造出豐富的人物圖譜。;The accurate depiction of characters is the main reason why Zuo-Zhuan is so inspiring. Through this classic literary work, the readers are allowed to have a glimpse into Chinese history of Warring States Period. During the Spring and Autumn Period, three local lords of Lu, Meng family, Shu family, and Ji family, who are descendants of Lu Huangong, are called as “three noble families.” They have influenced Lu immensely, and Ji family has the greatest leverage among them. This essay, therefore, aims to examine how the images of six rulers of Lu from Ji family, that is, Ji-Yu, Ji-Wen-Zi, Ji-Wu-Zi, Ji-Ping-Zi, Ji-Huan-Zi, and Ji-Kang-Zi, are shaped in Zuo-Zhuan.
This essay consists of eight chapters. The first chapter includes the flashback narrative featuring “chu” character, oracles, predictions based on dreams, calligraphy, development of Ji family, and exploration of the writing techniques and values for shaping characters’ images in Zuo-Zhuan. Each of the following six chapters features one ruler of Lu from Ji family, discussing about their respective characteristics presented in Zuo-Zhuan. Ji-Yu is a man of his word. (a flat character) Ji-Wen-Zi is a man with caution and reserved ambition. (a round character) Ji-Wu-Zi is warlike. (a flat character) Ji-Ping-Zi is competitive. (a round character) Ji-Huan-Zi values virtues. Ji-Kang-Zi has a mind of his own and seldom feels secure. (a round character) Applying narratology, this essay attempts to have an insight into these six characters by exploring relations among remarks, dialogues, behaviors, and narrations, and noting the conflicts and contrasts among characters. At the end, it is concluded that four skills had been applied in Zuo-Zhuan to depict these sophisticated characters, which are “remarks,” “emotions,” “behaviors” and “flash-forward.” |
