| 摘要: | 有機溶劑多具有揮發性、易燃性等特性，其揮發性經由空氣散佈於作業環境，長時間暴露接觸容易對人體有健康危害，甚至有致癌風險；而易燃性為容易起火燃燒物質，一旦發生火災，恐危害人員生命安全及損害周邊設施。本研究係以有機溶劑使用及儲放進行職業暴露評估及火災動態模擬(Fire Dynamics Simulator,FDS)軟體模擬，目的了解R研究機構人員暴露實態、作業環境潛在危害及火災風險。
選擇常用8種有機溶劑(甲醇、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、二甲基甲醯胺、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、正己烷)之五個相似暴露區域作為調查及研究對象。在暴露評估方面，以2017年~2019年作業環境監測數據並利用數據進行相加效應評估及統計分析，其數值皆符合法定容許限值，相較於化學品分級管理半定量及定量無通風推估模式，所評估結果有高估現象，藉此加強防護措施，以降低職業災害發生之風險。
利用FDS軟體對儲放有機溶劑進行模擬及火場分析，結果得知燃燒所產生熱輻射及高溫，可能點燃相鄰容器或周圍設施，引起連鎖效應，使火勢迅速蔓延難以控制。因此，避免火災事故發生或將損害程度降至最低，除了加強各區域之消防外，安全儲存、管理，以及提高人員危害認知、安全觀念等更為重要。;Most organic solvents have the characteristics of volatility and flammability. Their volatility is spread in the working environment through the air. Long-term exposure to easy to human health hazards, and even carcinogenic risks. Flammability is prone to fire burning substances, once a fire, fear of endangering the lives of personnel and damage to surrounding facilities. This study is based on the use and storage of organic solvents for occupational exposure assessment and Fire Dynamics Simulator software simulation. The purpose of is to understand the actual exposure of a R Research Institute, potential hazards of the working environment and fire risk.
Five similar exposure areas of 8 organic solvents (methanol, ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, dimethyl methylamine, dichloromethane, tricloromethane, orthopane) were selected for investigation and study. In terms of exposure assessment, the values of the 2017-2019 working environment monitoring data and using the data for additive effect assessment and statistical analysis. The values all meet the legal permissible limit, which is compared with the chemical control banding semi-quantitative and quantitative zero ventilation model. The results of the assessment are overestimated, so as to strengthen protective measures to reduce the risk of occupational disasters.
Using FDS software to simulate the storage of organic solvents and analyze the fire field. Results show that the combustion generated by thermal radiation and high temperature, likely ignite adjacent containers or surrounding facilities. Causing chain effects, making the rapid spread of the fire difficult to control. Therefore, to avoid fire accidents or minimize the damage, in addition to strengthening fire protection in each area, safe storage and management. Further, it’s more important to improve personnel awareness of hazards and safety concepts. |
