汽車產業為一高技術及資本的產業，涵蓋多個領域，素有工業火車頭之稱，而台灣汽車零組件產業供應鏈相當完整，但多為中小型企業；因全自動化設備導入需要龐大資金，在考量成本效益及訂單需求下，企業可能採取導入半自動化設備這種折衷方案以提升產能。 本研究主要討論(倒車雷達)組立過程中，員工於半自動化設備導入前後，及半自動化導入後工作天數減少，對於肌肉骨骼不適狀況的差異；經過NMQ問卷調查，半自動化設備導入前、後及工作天數減少疼痛比例為7.04%、23.81%、3.08%；可見即使在產能提升狀況下，給予員工適當休息，員工不適狀況能獲得改善；藉由卡方檢定分析也可看出長期坐姿及重複性手部組裝動作的肌肉不適在產能及休息天數上與上背、下背、手肘前臂及手腕這四個部位有顯著差異；使用KIM-MHO現場觀察與評估，可發現半自動導入後由於相同時間內需組立更多件數，重複性肌肉骨骼傷害風險值增加，說明僅針對瓶頸站導入設備提升產能，雖大多數站別風險等級不變，但計算出來的風險值都有增加的趨勢，與問卷調查出痠痛不適結果一致，值得雇主去評估風險分數增加所帶來肌肉骨骼傷害的影響。;The automobile industry requires high techniques as well as capital and includes many fields; thus, it is known as the leader of the industry. The supply chain of vehicles′ components is quite complete and most of the suppliers are small and medium enterprises. As full automation requires high capital and considering the cost-effectiveness and production capacity, the enterprises may adopt a compromise solution that imports semi-automated equipment to increase the capacity of production.
The main objectives of this research are to investigate the unwell condition in employees’ musculoskeletal during the assembly process before and after the introduction of semi-automatic equipment, and the reduction in working days affected by the COVID-19 epidemic by the NMQ questionnaire survey and KIM-MHO observation and evaluation.
NMQ questionnaire survey showed that the painful proportions are 7.04%, 23.81%, 3.08% before, after the introduction of semi-automation, and the reduction in working days, respectively. It shows that the unwellness of employees could be improved with appropriate rest, even if the production capacity increased. The significant differences in the chi-square test showed that t the long-term gesture and repeatedly assembling have a significant influence on the pains at the elbow forearm, wrist, upper, and lower back.
The KIM-MHO observation and evaluation in the workplace discovered the risk of musculoskeletal injury increased because the workers had to assemble more parts within the same time after semi-automatic equipment was applied. It showed that when only the production capacity of the bottleneck of the assembling-line, although the risk levels of most of the stations maintained the same, the calculated risks increased, which was the same result of the questionnaire survey of unwellness.
