為了降低職業傷害及勞動場所風險控管導入職業安全衛生管理系統來做危害分析及風險管理。職業安全衛生管理系統是意外事故發生後來做危害分析或者針對意外事故發生的原因來做方法改進,並非正確的做法,因為危害已經發生。應該事前做好危害分析使得危害不會發生,而事前的危害分析主要是在事前的危害預防、事中的緊急應變與事後的補救措施,如此才能真正消除勞動場所工作環境中作業流程中的危害因子,避免人員發生意外以及造成社會、經濟與環境嚴重的影響,這才是正確的做法。因此本研究應用系統化的概念與原則,建立具體可行的作業危害分析與管理方法擬定,且在各項作業初期執行作業危害分析,以系統化的方式對作業流程進行分析與界定。 首先界定作業流程各項機械、設備、工具、防護裝備等等,分析作業流程的組成與架構,進而分析出每個組成單元的輸入、輸出、運作程序與作用機制,逐步分析作業流程運作過程中,那個動作、機械、設備、工具等發生異常可能產生危害,分析每一個危害產生所影響的層面有那些。針對每一項危害擬定事前的危害預防方法,事中的緊急應變與事後的補救措施,每一項的異常發生會產生成本損失,每一項預防方法會有改善成本,提供損失成本與改善成本給予幹部、管理者做決策選擇,最後以清潔隊員作業危害分析做案例研究。 研究結果顯示,本研究建立之系統化的作業危害分析與管理方法,可有效分析出清潔隊員工作環境潛在的危害且擬定的危害管理方法可預防危害事件發生,證明本研究所建立的方法是正確的。 ;In order to reduce occupational injuries and workplace risk control, an occupational safety and health management system is introduced for hazard analysis and risk management. Occupational safety and health management system is to do a hazard analysis after an accident or to make method improvements based on the cause of the accident. It is not the correct approach because the hazard has already occurred. Hazard analysis should be done in advance so that the hazard will not occur, and the pre-hazard analysis is mainly to do hazard prevention before the event, emergency response during the event and remedial measures after the event, so as to truly eliminate the hazard factors in the work process in the work environment This is the correct way to avoid accidents and serious social, economic and environmental impacts. Therefore, this study applies systematic concepts and principles, establishes specific and feasible operation hazard analysis and management methods, and performs operation hazard analysis at the beginning of each operation, and analyzes and defines the operation process in a systematic way.