| 摘要: | 我國地狹人稠，人口又大部分集中在都會區，因此各式各樣不同來源之噪音得有機會串連在一起，讓人無所逃避。雖然噪音管制法自民國72年公布迄今歷經五次修正；另噪音管制標準自民國81年公布，之後陸續列管低頻、複合性(叢聚性)噪音，看似領先國外，但成效仍舊不彰。此可從噪音陳情案件統計件數得知，自民國104年計7萬9千餘件至106年已減少至7萬4千餘件，但107年又回到8萬2千餘件，至今都無法真正解決噪音問題，無謂的稽查不僅造成稽查人員的人力負擔，亦產生許多社會成本。有鑑於此，本研究係以系統思維的方式，探討既有的噪音管制法令管制方式，發現都是針對噪音危害產生後進行被動式稽查以及超過標準值時予以開罰，僅是治標卻不治本；且忽略了關連的系統，使其無法再噪音發生前進行源頭管制，因此，本研究就以上問題提出增進噪音管制法令執行性概念與程序，首先應對噪音的產生與發生原因深入了解，其次就我國噪音管制主管機關與其關連系統(各目的事業主管機關)、子系統(地方政府)、組成(事業)成為環境噪音組織管理系統，最後發展系統與關連系統的環境噪音管理制度與措施。另本研究特依據上述概念與程序擬定目前噪音管制法令的建議其管理與管制方式，以提供環境保護管理者做參考與使用。;Our country is a narrow and crowded country and most of the people are concentrated in metropolitan areas. Therefore, variants of noises have the opportunity to connect with together and it is hard to avoid. Although Noise Control Act has been amended five times since 1983. In addition, the Noise Control Criteria announced in 1992 and was incorporated in low-frequency and complex (clustered traffic) noise, which seems to be leading developed countries, however the actual results unapparent. The outcome can be found the statistics of noise petition cases. From 2015 to 2017, the petition cases decreased 74,000, however, it recovered to 82,000 in 2018.The noise problem cannot be solved until now. The unnecessary inspections not only caused loading to the inspector, but also generated social costs. In the light of this, this research is to explore the existing noise control laws and regulations in a systematic way of thinking, it is found that passive audits are conducted after noise hazards are generated, and penalties are imposed when they exceed the standard value. They only treat the symptoms but not the root cause; And it ignores the connected system, making it impossible to control the source before the noise occurs. Therefore, this research proposes the concepts and procedures for improving the enforcement of noise control laws on the above issues. First of all, we should have a deep understanding of the occurrence and causes of noise, Secondly, my country′s noise control authority and its related systems (competent agencies for various purposes), subsystems (local governments), and components (businesses) become an environmental noise organization management system, Finally, develop systems and related systems for environmental noise management systems and measures. In addition, this research is based on the above-mentioned concepts and procedures to formulate the current noise control laws and regulations and their management and control methods, so as to provide environmental protection managers for reference and use. |
