| 摘要: | 根據台灣交通公路總局調查發現台灣橋樑平均年齡為三十四年，而住宅平均屋齡為28.3年，人的身體都需要做定期的健康檢查，更何況是人們長期使用的結構物也會隨著時間老化，可能超出使用壽命以及預期設計不足，造成坍塌意外傷亡，而現今傳統的健康安全檢測方法大多侷限於單一構件進行檢測，且收集的數據為有線傳輸，對於面對大型結構設施如橋樑、社區大廈，則會帶來檢測上的困難。近年來，隨著物聯網技術竄升與工業4.0的革命，利用多元感測器佈署監測設備狀況與環境參數等，並以無線傳輸與雲端的技術收集不同來源的訊息，透過客製化與自動化讓作業流程最佳化且更有效率。
本研究將以工業4.0的精神，由建築資訊模型(Building Information Modeling, BIM) 3D模擬與物聯網技術組成智慧化結構物健康安全檢測系統，整合Smart Tag和LoRa(Long Range Wide Area)研發組成「無線喚醒智慧應變檢測裝置」，由低功耗嵌入式系統整合多個感測數據，透過LoRa無線傳輸至行動閘道器(Mbed based Moving Gateway)，完成初步的結構物健康安全檢測物聯網(IOT)架構，並由訊息序列遙測傳輸MQTT(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)發布與訂閱的機制於Node-Red開發工具平台建置即時數據監控的網路應用程式介面(Web UI)，透過MySQL雲端資料庫將收集資料，由Dynamo視覺設計平台將感測數據即時匯入模型內做後續分析，成為動態的建築資訊模型(Building Information Modeling ,BIM)，以IOT的技術與BIM作互動，使在未來定期檢測、維護營運階段更能迅速、直覺性地看出結構桿件的健康狀況。為了驗證此IOT架構與無線喚醒智慧應變檢測裝置實際成果，本論文實際設計了一根混凝土鋼筋梁，並於內部鋼筋與外部混泥土黏著應變計利用Autodesk Revit建立3D建築資訊模型，基於Dynamo成功地在Revit介面上以動態式顏色變化來表達結構桿件的健康狀況，並且也藉由實驗中驗證了「無線喚醒智慧應變檢測裝置」的精度與可行性。
;According to the Directorate General of Highways (MOTC) of Taiwan, the average life span of bridges in Taiwan is 34 years old. Even human bodies need regular health checks, let alone structures we use regularly, which can wear out as times pass, or exceed service life, or structure collapse due to insufficiency of expected design. However, the traditional inspection methods are most often confine to single-construction inspection using wire to transmit data, which will pose difficulty on bridges, flats such large scale structures. With the rise of the Internet of Things and the revolution of Industry 4.0, the use of multi-sensor deployment monitoring the equipment conditions and environmental parameters with wireless transmission and cloud technology with from various source, to achieve customization automation mode, and to optimize the operational process and efficiency.
This research will follow the spirit of industry 4.0, combining Building Information Modeling(BIM) 3D simulation and Internet of Things to an intelligent structure safety detection system, develops and integrates Smart Tag and LoRa (Long Range Wide Area) into wireless smart strain detection devices. Through the low-energy embedded system integrates various sensing data and transmits it to the mobile gateway (Mbed based Moving Gateway) wirelessly through LoRa and complete the preliminary structure of the health and safety inspecting Internet of Things (IoT) framework, and use the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) publishing and subscription mechanism to build a real-time data monitoring network application program interface on the Node-Red development tool platform (Web UI), and then use MySQL cloud database to collect all real-time data. To validate the actual results of the IoT framework and the wireless wake-up smart strain detection device, this paper designed a beam on the inner steel bar and the outer concrete to bond the strain gauge. The information model was created by Autodesk Revit and combined with the Dynamo visual design platform to real-time sensed data. Then import it into the model for subsequent analysis and become a dynamic building information model (BIM). By using IOT technology to interact with BIM makes it possible to inspect swiftly and intuitively the health status of structural members in the future periodical detection, maintenance, and operation phases. |
