| 摘要: | 臺北市義民祭典活動已舉辦超過30餘年，政府透過資助都會客家社團，使其協助辦理及參與客家文化活動，然而因政府資助及未資助客家社團等不同條件，進而使社團對於推動客家文化活動產生不同觀感，藉由臺北市舉辦義民祭典活動，確認都會客家社團對於客家文化活動之觀感。由於政府資助與否會使客家社團領導人產生不同的觀感，進而導致社團形成不同的角色與功能，並進一步影響都會客家族群的特性。
本研究主要以質性研究之方式探討政府資助及未資助的都會客家社團，對於客家文化活動的認知與觀感，作者透過實地參與觀察活動及深度訪談客家社團領導人，從臺北市客家社團對於客家文化活動的觀感作為基礎進行研究，分別以受政府資助及未受政府資助的客家社團領導人為深度訪談對象，經分析後呈現四點研究發現：
一、都會客家隱形化是政府資助客家社團的主因。
二、客家社團對於政府資源產生依賴性。
三、客家社團領導人的認知與觀感影響客家社團的角色與功能。
四、都會客家族群獨特性包含性別平等意識高、環境保育意識強、具有多元文化的包容性，以及接受文化創新的思維。
由於都會客家的環境條件，都會客家社團對於政府的資源逐漸產生依賴性，受到政府資助之影響，牽動著客家社團之發展，進而影響社團履行之功能，在資源依賴的關係下，客家社團自主性逐漸降低，近年來政府辦理客家文化活動，受資助之客家社團大致相同，導致長期未受政府資助之客家社團，其履行之功能更為薄弱。為強化客家社團間凝聚力，使都會客家族群提升向心力，擴大並活化民間團體之參與程度，歸結本研究之經驗性資料分析與研究發現，提出五點研究建議：
一、政府應修正資助之標準。
二、建構政府資助之評核小組。
三、適度調整活動辦理之角色。
四、政府應與客家社團進行實質溝通。
五、輔導客家社團以提升辦理活動之專業知識。
最後根據研究結果，本研究提出兩項未來研究方向，其一為政府長期資助相同的客家社團辦理活動或推廣客家文化的原因；其二為政府若與客家社團簽訂行政契約，是否影響客家文化活動推廣之成效、客家社團參與程度及觀感，供後續對於都會客家社團研究之參考。
;The Taipei Hakka Yimin Festival has been held for more than 30 years,the government subsidizes metropolitan Hakka organizations to let them organize and participate in Hakka cultural activities.However, due to different conditions such as government funding and non-government funding of Hakka organizations, the organizations have different perceptions of promoting Hakka cultural activities,through Taipei city holding of Taipei Hakka Yimin Festival, it confirmed the urban Hakka society′s perception of Hakka cultural activities.Whether or not government subsidies will make Hakka organization’s leaders have different perceptions, leading to different roles and functions of the community, and further affecting the characteristics of the urban Hakka ethnic group.
This study mainly explores the cognition and perception of Hakka cultural activities by government funding and non-government funding Hakka organizations in the form of qualitative research.
Through on-the-spot participation in observation activities and in-depth interviews with Hakka organization’s leaders, the author studies the perception of Hakka cultural activities from the Hakka organizations in Taipei City, and conducts in-depth interviews with the leaders of Hakka organizations who are funded and not funded by the government,through analysis, four research findings are presented as below:
1.The invisibility of urban Hakka is the main reason why the government subsidizes Hakka organizations.
2.Hakka organizations are dependent on government resources.
3.The cognition and perception of Hakka organization’s leaders will affect the role and function of Hakka organizations.
4.The uniqueness of the urban Hakka group includes high awareness of gender equality, strong awareness of environmental conservation, multicultural tolerance, and acceptance of cultural innovation.
Due to the environmental conditions of the urban Hakka community, the urban Hakka organizations gradually became dependent on the government′s resources, affected by government funding, it affects the development of Hakka organizations, and then affects the functions performed by the organizations. Under the relationship of resource dependence, the autonomy of Hakka organizations are gradually reduced.In recent years, the government handled Hakka cultural activities, the Hakka organizations funded by the government are about the same, As a result, the Hakka organizations which are long-term unfunded by the government, its performance function is even weaker. In order to strengthen the cohesion between Hakka organizations, increase the centripetal force of the urban Hakka ethnic group, expand and activation of the participation of civil society, summarizing the empirical data analysis and research findings of this research, five research suggestions are as below:
1.The government should revise the funding standards.
2.The government should construct a government-funding assessment panel.
3.Adjust the role of activity handling appropriately.
4.The government should communicate substantively with the Hakka organizations.
5.Counseling Hakka organizations to improve the professional knowledge of handling activities.
Finally, this study puts forward two future research directions, one is the reason why the government has long funded the same Hakka organizations to handle activities or promote Hakka culture, and the other is whether the government signs an administrative contract with Hakka organizations, whether it affects the effectiveness of Hakka cultural activities promotion, to provide follow-up reference for urban Hakka organizations research. |
