| 摘要: | 有鑑於921地震的發生，政府對於老舊建築物的補強措施開始格外的重視；其中以眾多的老舊學校、校舍為核心的，逐步提出了相對應合適的結構補強方案。結構補強工程方式有很多如鋼筋混凝土擴柱、RC翼牆、RC剪力牆、複合柱、鋼框斜撐構架等，以鋼筋混凝土擴柱的方式尤為普遍，故本次研究以此方法為主軸。多半施工期間為暑假，期間至多2個月到2個半月的時間，要利用傳統的結構補強工程中的鋼筋混凝土擴柱工法進行施工，在有限的時間及預算內完成。故在工項的工班指派就顯得非常重要。
應用最佳化理論進行排程，於有限工期內，依照樓層及區域施工難易度來擬定各工班進場時機。確立工班人員組成、工班從進場開始施作時間到施作完成時間等資料，建立數學模型及限制條件，使用LINGO數學規劃軟體連結EXCEL製作表格分析運算進行求解。為求驗證，本研究以桃園市大溪區仁和國中西大樓校舍補強工程為範例。測試結果與實務人工排程比較，顯示本研究模式能更有效率降低成本的排程並引導出更短之完工期，調整各項參數進行敏感度分析，從敏感度分析之變化得到更好的工班指派方針，因應實務情況達到最低成本之目的。
;The Taiwan government has closely focused on implementing effective measures for the structural reinforcement of buildings that do not meet the standards of current building codes. Of particular interest are buildings that do not meet the current seismic codes implemented after the 921 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. Seismic retrofitting is one method of upgrading the condition of these buildings to meet current architectural standards. Seismic retrofitting methods include the use of reinforced concrete jacketing for columns; the addition of wind walls, shear walls, and shear walls with openings; and the addition of composite columns and steel braces. The reinforcement of columns with concrete jacketing is the most employed method for stabilizing underqualified structures commonly. Because construction projects for the stabilization of school buildings are always undertaken and completed during schools’ summer vacations, many of these projects are necessarily completed in limited time and on limited budgets for both prime and indirect costs. Therefore, to meet these limits, effective scheduling of work items through the application of optimization theory was crucial to the school building projects examined in this study.
Optimization theory, or the selection of the most effective element through the mathematical modeling of various available alternatives, has been established for many aspects of construction, including foundations of buildings, the overlap of work items, difficulties in compartmentalizing work items, and the types of workers required and the time they require. For the most optimal timing of work-item scheduling, the most effective result was achieved by utilizing the mathematical modeling software LINGO (Lindo Systems, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) in connection with an Excel spreadsheet listing some of the limiting conditions. A case study of retrofit engineering at the Center-West Building at Jen-Ho Junior High School in Taoyuan City was conducted for this research. In this study, a sensitivity analysis was performed for each variable on a hypothetical work-item schedule and the work-item schedule from the LINGO analysis; the results of the analyses were then compared. In summary, using LINGO for analysis of work-item scheduling can effectively reduce the costs and duration of construction projects. Additionally, the best guidelines for work-item scheduling were obtained from varying the parameters of the sensitivity analyses to determine the lowest cost under practical construction conditions. |
