| 摘要: | 印度尼西亞海域的海表面參數受到亞洲-澳大利亞季風 (Asian-Australian Monsoon, AAM) 風、印度洋偶極子 (Indian Ocean Dipole, IOD) 和厄爾尼諾-南方濤動 (El Nino-Southern Oscillation, ENSO) 的強烈影響，特別是在小巽他群島 (Lesser Sunda Islands, LSI) 南部海岸。本研究因此應用衛星觀測資料檢驗AAM 風對海洋表面參數變化的效應，以及AAM對 IOD 和 ENSO 的影響。此外，本文還定義埃克曼動力學的空間和時間變化，包括埃克曼質量傳遞 (Ekman Mass Transport, EMT) 和埃克曼泵送速度 (Ekman Pumping Velocity, EPV)，以及海面溫度 (sea surface temperature, SST) 與風之間的關聯。基於衛星觀測資料、現地量測數據和再分析數解析LSI中湧升流的有利特徵。分析結果顯示，2009年厄爾尼諾(El Nino)期間葉綠素-a（-0.5 mg m-3）和SST（+1.5°C）有明顯的異相變化情形，這與負風應力和EMT異常相吻合；相反地，在 2007 年拉尼娜(La Nina)期間則有SST (-0.5 °C) 和葉綠素-a (+0.5 mg m−3) 的異相變化。根據 浮標(Argo float) 的觀測數據，東南季風季節的混合層深度較西北季風季節期間淺。同時再分析數據也顯示爪哇島南部海岸的上升流強度明顯高於其他週邊區域。此外，本研究亦發現 LSI 南部海岸的四個不同區域具有獨特的生成機制，可調節這四個領域內的 SST 差異。;Indonesian seas are significantly affected by the Asian-Australian Monsoon (AAM) winds, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), particularly along the southern coast of Lesser Sunda Islands (LSI). This study investigates the impact of the AAM winds on ocean surface conditions and elucidates the influence of IOD and ENSO within the LSI. In addition, the spatial and temporal variability of Ekman dynamics, which includes of Ekman Mass Transport (EMT) and Ekman Pumping Velocity (EPV), will also be defined, as well as the association between sea surface temperature (SST) and wind in the LSI. Remotely sensed data, in-situ observation data, and reanalysis data are used to understand the favorable features for upwelling in the LSI. The results indicate that negative chlorophyll-a (-0.5 mg m-3) and positive SST (1.5°C) anomalies occurred during the 2009 El Nino, which coincides with negative wind stress and EMT anomalies. Conversely, negative SST (-0.5 °C) and positive chlorophyll-a (0.5 mg m−3) anomalies occurred during the 2007 La Nina. Based on the Argo float data, the mixed layer depth during the southeast monsoon season is shallower than during the northwest monsoon season. Furthermore, according to the reanalysis data, the author found that the upwelling strength in the southern coast of Java (Box 1) is stronger than in Boxes 2, 3, and 4. Additionally, the author found that four different regions in the southern coast of LSI have a distinctive generated mechanism that regulates SST variance within these four areas. |
