| 摘要: | 意外的發生凸顯橋梁安全的重要性，而國內重大公共工程建設已陸續完成，橋梁維護管理問題將成為國內工程界在未來十年內的挑戰。政府對公共橋梁維護管理參差不齊，影嚮使用者的生命及財產安全甚鉅。
本研究以「生命週期導向橋梁維護管理以國道2延伸段鋼拱橋」為例，將已新建完成鋼拱橋長期監測來作為公共工程橋梁設計規劃參考以及日後維護橋梁決策定奪的依據；其中長期監測計畫中的工作內容主要包含資料收集、結構數值分析、監測儀器安裝以及監測系統架設。
就資料收集而言，其中設計與竣工圖說可確保模型建置的正確性，橋梁結構現況調查則可提前部署儀器安裝位置。於結構數值分析執行項目中，橋梁結構數值分析可有效模擬橋梁結構型態，進而掌握現今橋梁的現況，以利日後維護橋梁以及定奪決策的依據。
公共工程全生命週期包括了可行性評估、規劃、設計、招標、施工、驗收、接管及營運階段，各個階段都有其重要性，而營運階段的設施維護管理則是佔生命週期當中時間最長的一部份，與經濟活動與使用者生活息息相關。在108年10月1日發生了「南方澳大橋」斷裂造成了12人受傷、6人死亡的憾事，可見得橋梁工程在施工完成後於營運階段維護管理的重要性。
本研究案例採用遠端監控方式，建置橋梁即時狀態監測雲端服務系統，橋梁所有現地監測資料，採用統一的資料協定方式，透過網路的方式傳至雲端服務平台；資料系統亦可與臺灣地區橋梁管理資訊系統TBMS 2.0共用。
目前國內橋梁約有3萬多座，大都年代久遠數位資料尚未建立；導致現今橋梁結構及現況資料不足亦無足夠人力檢測調查橋梁劣化程度，橋梁安全性恐造成隱憂。故筆者建議應依橋梁特殊性，外在環境等等因素來針對較特殊橋梁先行檢測建立相關數位資料。
目前橋梁維護管理機關除了「交通部高速公路局、公路總局」外，其他管理機關尚未確實執行『全生命週期橋梁管理』觀念及使用該系統，應在新建工程於可行性評估、規劃細設直到施工完成後於移交維護管理單位前，導入全生命週期並建置相關資訊以供施工階段比對查證以利後續維護理單位執行。
;Accidents accentuate the importance of bridge safety, The construction of major public works in Taiwan has been completed in succession. The problem of bridge maintenance and management will become a challenge for the domestic engineering in the next ten years, The government′s uneven maintenance and management of public bridges has a huge impact on the safety of users′ lives and properties .
Purpost for this study " Life-Cycle orientation viaduct maintenance and management Steel Arch bridge in the extension of National freeway NO.2 " as an example, and takes the long-term monitoring of construction Steel Arch bridges as a reference for the design and planning of public works bridges and the basis for decision-making on future bridge maintenance; The work content of the monitoring plan mainly includes data collection, structural numerical analysis, monitoring instrument installation and monitoring system erection.
For the information collected, the design and as-built drawings can ensure the correctness of the model construction, the survey of the current condition of the bridge structure can deploy the installation location of the instrument in advance. In the structural numerical analysis execution project, the numerical analysis of the bridge structure can effectively simulate the structural type of the bridge, and then grasp the current status of the bridge, so as to facilitate the maintenance of the bridge in the future and the basis for decision-making.
The whole Life-Cycle of public works includes Feasibility Study, grogramme, design, bidding, construction, acceptance, takeover and operation stages. every stages have its importance, the facility maintenance management in the operation stage is the longest in the Life-Cycle . Part of it is closely related to economic activities and the lives of users. On October 1, 2019, the "Nanfang′ao viaduct " ruptured, causing 12 injuries and 6 deaths, which shows the importance of maintenance and management of the bridge project during the operation phase after the construction is completed.
In this research case, the remote monitoring method is adopted, and a cloud service system for real-time status monitoring of bridges is built. All local monitoring data of bridges are transmitted to the cloud service platform through a unified data agreement method through the network; the data system can also be connected with Taiwan. The bridge management information system TBMS 2.0 is shared.
At present , there are more than 30,000 bridges in Taiwan, and most of them have not been established with dated digital data. As a result, the current bridge structure and current condition data are insufficient, and there is not enough manpower to detect and investigate the deterioration of the bridges , which may cause hidden worries about the safety of the bridges . Therefore, the author suggests that the relevant digital data should be established for the first detection of more special bridges according to the particularity of the bridge, the external environment and other factors.
Currently, in addition to the " Freeway Bureau MOTC and the Directorate General of highways (DGH) ", the bridge maintenance and management agencies have not yet implemented the concept of "whole Life-Cycle viaduct management" and used the system. After the construction is completed, before handing over to the maintenance management unit, import the full Life-Cycle and build relevant information for comparison and verification during the construction phase to facilitate the subsequent maintenance management unit to implement. |
