摘要 在實際火災現場，救災人員常因一些原因到達後無法立即救災，例如：大門窗戶深鎖、鐵窗阻擋、廣告招牌遮蔽出入口等，此時考驗的是救災人員對於建築材質的認識與破壞器具的熟悉度。過去消防人員對於破壞作業均仰賴經驗法則，對於破壞對象及消防破壞器具的選擇，皆以過去的火災搶救及教育訓練所得經驗來決定，因此對於未曾接觸過的建築元件或是裝飾等就必須在分秒必爭的火災現場進行試驗，並在嘗試過程尋找解決之道。 然而，火場瞬息萬變，稍有不慎即可能造成嚴重的人命傷亡與財物損失，本論文以長期照顧機構(簡稱：長照機構)為研究場域，因長照機構收容人員大部分屬於行動能力不足、避難弱勢的年長者，且建築元件多而複雜，發生火災容易造成嚴重死傷狀況，值得深入探討。此類型的火災現場，其受困者人數多，照護人員比例少，短時間內無法完成避難疏散，因此消防人員除了阻止濃煙火勢發展之外，尚需協助受困者避難及確保待救環境不受濃煙威脅，若此時若有排除障礙的對象與工具選擇疑慮，容易延誤搶救時效而使傷亡加劇。據此，本研究提出搶救與破壞作業流程(Rescue and Destruction Process,簡稱：RDP)，期望協助第一線人員提升長照機構火災的搶救效率，以資訊應用的角度思考如何提升長照機構火災的搶救效率，利用建築資訊模型(Building Information Model, 簡稱：BIM)及消防破壞器具測試所得結果參數化，希望可輔助火場指揮官提升戰略決策的正確性並改善火災搶救效率，最終希望擴展至其他建築物火災搶救場域。 ;Abstract In the actual fire scene, disaster relief personnel often fail to rescue immediately after arriving due to some reasons, such as doors and windows locked, windows with iron grating, advertising signs to block entrances and exits. At this time, the disaster relief personnel′s knowledge of building materials may be limited and may not be familiar with forcible entry tools. In the past, firefighters relied on the rule of thumb for destruction operations. They determined the choice of destruction objects and the tools by the experience of previous fire- rescue, education, and training. Therefore, they may try all tools at the fire scene in order to find a feasible solution. However, the fire scene changes rapidly, and even a little carelessness may cause human casualties and property losses seriously. This study used the long-term care institution as the research target because most of the personnel in the long-term care institution are elderly who are very vulnerable. Fires are likely to cause deaths and injuries seriously. It is worth discussing in-depth. In this type of disaster site, many sufferers wait for rescuers and less the initial response personnel there. There are some characteristics such as difficulty in rescue and evacuation, and there is not enough time to wait for the test results of forcible entry tools. Based on the above reasons, this study develops “Rescue and Destruction Process (RDP)" that hope to assist the front-line personnel to improve the efficiency of fire rescue in the long-term agency and consider how to improve the fire-rescue from the perspective of information application efficiency. Using the Building Information Model (BIM) and parameterized the test results of fire destruction equipment. Fire commander could improve making the accuracy of strategic decisions and improve fire-rescue efficiency and fire survival rate, and ultimately hope areas.
