考慮台灣極端風況建立離岸風機塔柱易損性曲線:以15-MW參考風機模型為例

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题名:	考慮台灣極端風況建立離岸風機塔柱易損性曲線:以15-MW參考風機模型為例
作者:	許方銘;Hsu, Fang-Ming
贡献者:	土木工程學系
关键词:	離岸風力發電機;NREL;OpenFAST;易損性曲線
日期:	2022-08-29
上传时间:	2022-10-04 10:48:19 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	本文以巨災風險評估的角度著手，針對台灣極端風況下，造成離岸風力發電機的塔柱損壞程度，與歐洲標準規範計算的軸向特徵挫曲應力作比較，建立離岸風機的塔柱易損性曲線，對未來我國離岸風機產業的發展作出微薄的貢獻。研究內容選用額定功率為 15MW 的參考風機模型，以美國再生能源研究室 NREL 針對風力發電機所開發之 OpenFAST 進行情境條件參數設置模擬分析，假設三種情境分別為機艙轉向錯位 8 度、機艙轉向錯位 15 度及單支扇葉旋向 70 度偏差，分析風速由 30m/s 至 100m/s 區間內，參考風機模型的整體結構受力行為。同時藉由蒙地卡羅法模擬 5000 組隨機塔柱斷面，根據歐洲標準規範 EN1993-1-6【22】計算塔柱所受軸向特徵挫曲應力，經由應力比較判斷 5000 組塔柱斷面在各個情境中的損壞程度，建立離岸風機之塔柱易損性曲線圖，便可從圖形中推估各個情境條件在不同風速的塔柱結構損壞率。根據研究結果顯示，三種情境條件下，單支扇葉旋向 70 度偏差會使塔柱結構最早發生損壞；接著機艙轉向錯位 15 度；最後是機艙轉向錯位 8 度，可以得知單支扇葉若發生故障造成旋向偏差，對離岸風機可能造成嚴重的損壞情形，機艙轉向錯位 15 度之角度誤差約為 8 度兩倍，雖然機艙轉向 8 度仍處於安全狀態，但當角度誤差持續增加時，可能造成離岸風機損壞程度大幅提升。;This study accesses the damage of offshore wind turbine towers under extreme wind conditions in Taiwan with the axial characteristic stress evaluated by European standards, and establishes the vulnerability curve of offshore wind turbine towers to make contribution to the future development of the offshore wind turbine industry in Taiwan. A reference wind turbine model with a rated power of 15 MW is used to simulate the parameters of the OpenFAST scenario developed by NREL, a renewable energy research laboratory in the United States, for wind turbines. The overall structural force behavior of the wind turbine model was analyzed in the range of wind speed from 30m/s to 100m/s. In addition, 5000 sets of random tower sections were simulated by Monte Carlo method, and the axial characteristic stresses were calculated according to the European standard EN1993-1-6 【22】, and the damage degree of the 5000 sets of tower sections in each scenario was determined by stress comparison. The damage rate of the tower structure under different wind speeds can be estimated from the graphs. According to the results of the study, deviation of different angles may cause different levels of damage to the offshore fan , the single fan rotational deviation of 70 degrees will cause the earliest damage to the tower column structure, followed by the nacelle rotational misalignment of 15 degrees, and finally the nacelle rotational misalignment of 8 degrees. Although the nacelle rotation of 8 degrees is still in a safe condition, when the angle error continues to increase, the damage to the offshore fan may increase significantly.
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