程式設計已然成為現代社會的必備技能，但對於初學者來說，這並不是件容易的事，需要透過有策略的方式更能有效的學習。儘管現今已推出視覺化的環境，用以幫助學習程式設計，但都依賴個人電腦，在資源不足的地區，容易造成資源分配不均，此外，它們仍缺乏使學習者擁有像程式執行般的思考流程。紙本在教學中仍是種無所不在的材料，擁有靈活且低成本的特性，將程式設計元素應用在紙本學習中，利用紙本運算的方式，提供一種有形且看的見的程式。然而，基於紙本的學習仍有一定侷限的運算能力。因此，本研究實現了使學習者擁有程序性思維，將其思維可化與紙本學習機制結合，幫助學習者學習，並透過手機連結使得紙本運算數位化，即時驗證學習結果，避免錯誤的概念無法即時被糾正。本研究使用了提出之系統進行了教學實驗，針對程式設計的基本概念和演算法的學習成效進行探討，其結果顯示，整體的學習成效和在排序演算法的學習成效皆優於直接在電腦上學習的控制組，因此，基於紙本學習並利用手機即時驗證學習結果的學習方式對於學習程式設計具有正面的效果。;Programming has become a necessary skill for modern society, but it is not easy for beginners and requires a strategic approach to learn more effectively. Although visual environments have been introduced to help learn to program, they rely on personal computers. In under-resourced areas, this can lead to an uneven distribution of resources. Additionally, they still lack the thought processes that allow learners to think like the execution of a program. Paper is still a ubiquitous material in education, with flexibility and low cost. The application of programming elements to paper-based learning provides a tangible and visible program using paper computing. However, paper-based learning is still limited in its computing power. Therefore, this study realizes procedural thinking for the learners. Making procedural thinking visible is combined with the paper-based learning mechanism to help learners learn. The paper computing is digitized through a mobile phone connection, and the learning results are verified immediately to avoid misconceptions that cannot be corrected. In this study, the proposed system was used to conduct a teaching experiment to investigate the learning effectiveness of the basic concepts of programming and algorithms. The results show that both the overall programming skills and sorting algorithms are learned better than the control group learned directly on the computer. Therefore, the learning method based on paper-based learning and immediate verification of learning results using mobile phones has a positive effect on the learning of programming.
