表皮細菌在人體皮膚上 對腦電波訊號的影響;An EEG Study of Analyzing the Impact of Skin Bacteria on Brain Cognitive Signals

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題名:	表皮細菌在人體皮膚上對腦電波訊號的影響;An EEG Study of Analyzing the Impact of Skin Bacteria on Brain Cognitive Signals
作者:	王柏鈞;Wang, Po-Chun
貢獻者:	生醫科學與工程學系
關鍵詞:	腦電波圖;益生菌;皮膚細菌;P300;EEG;probiotics;skin microbiome
日期:	2023-02-02
上傳時間:	2023-05-09 17:25:20 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	益生菌(Probiotics)依據世界衛生組織定義：大量的存在時對於宿主(動植物或人類)具有正面效益的細菌即為益生菌。例如，腸胃道益生菌會進行發酵反應，並產生短鏈脂肪酸(Short Chain Fatty Acids, SCFAs)，進而增進大腦運作如情緒或認知功能。先前研究發現，當我們對皮膚細菌提供選擇性發酵碳源時，皮膚細菌也可像腸道細菌一樣進行發酵反應而產生短鏈脂肪酸。有鑑於此，本研究的主要目的，在於檢測前額皮膚菌的存在對於腦部的神經電訊號是否也有影響，並探討其可能的機制。我們選用正常受試者執行奇異刺激程序(Oddball Paradigm)的事件相關電位(Event-Related Potential, ERP)之 P3、N2與MMN作為神經電生理指標來進行研究，歸因於其振幅大小與人類的注意力、偵測刺激和記憶能力相關。本研究總共收案正常受試者20名，以塗抹酒精(滅菌)、甘油(增菌)與水(控制組)作為實驗因子，探討表皮細菌的總量操弄與ERP振幅的相關性。研究結果顯示：我們選定Pz、Cz、FCz、Fz與C3頻道，並提取事件相關電位，在不同實驗操作互相比較的情況下進行統計。我們得到各頻道P3成分靶刺激的平均振幅是控制組(Pz=9.133±4.778 μV) >滅菌組(Pz=8.339±4.527μV) >增菌組(Pz=7.948±4.949μV)。各頻道N2靶刺激成分訊號平均振幅為：增菌組( Pz=-3.123±1.939μV) >滅菌組(Pz=-2.884±2.622μV)> 控制組(Pz=--2.821±1.689μV ), 各頻道的MMN成分訊號為：控制組(Pz=-3.036±1.471μV) >增菌組(Pz=-2.814±1.573μV)> 滅菌組(Pz=-2.762±2.619μV)，但我們將同頻道下不同實驗條件的振幅數據做比較，增菌和滅菌的靶刺激訊號振幅沒有顯著差異，控制組與滅菌組沒有顯著差異，增菌組與控制組也沒有顯著差異。不過在滅菌的實驗條件下，於C3、Cz、FCz三個特定頻道有最大的靶刺激P3成分訊號振幅，分別為Pz=7.339μV, Cz=8.254μV, C3=6.612μV。此結果顯示：操弄表皮細菌總量的實驗手法，對特定頻道之腦電波事件誘發電位成分訊號，於滅菌組有出現一定的增幅，但是其影響程度並沒有達到統計顯著標準，可能是因為個體差異過大或有極端值未去除，而其他尚未進行實驗的腦電波頻道則有待查證。(增加說明可能影響數據的因素，outlier)未來可朝更加細緻的分子生物學分析方法，驗證此相關性的可能機制，探索其應用於調控腦部異常狀況的可能性，並尋找新穎的生物與人體相關性。 ;Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms which when administrated in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host.” by World Health Organization (WHO). Previous studies have reported that probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract can undergo fermentation and produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Those short-chain fatty acid mediates the effects of probiotics on improving brain function such as mood or cognitive function. Recent evidences also revealed that skin bacteria can engage fermentation process when the selected carbon sources were provided. Therefore, this proposal aims to examine whether the skin bacteria in the forehead can influence the cognitive function. 20 normal individuals were recruited and participated in an auditory oddball task for three times with different experimental conditions: (1) apply water on the forehead as the control condition; (2) apply alcohol to remove the skin bacteria; and (3) apply glycerol to boost the fermentation performed by the bacteria. 16-channel EEG were recorded with 512 Hz sample rate during the task, and the amplitude and latency of P300, N2, MMN signals were extracted and compared between different experimental conditions. We chose Pz, Cz, FCz, Fz & C3 channel to demonstrate our ERP results. We obtained all channel average ERP signal values under 3 different experimental conditions. The P3 target stimulus average amplitude in each different condition are water (Pz=9.133±4.778 μV) > alcohol (Pz=8.339±4.527μV) > glycerol (Pz=7.948±4.949μV). The N2 target stimulus average amplitude in different condition are glycerol (Pz=-3.123±1.939μV) > alcohol (Pz=-2.884±2.622μV) > water (Pz=--2.821±1.689μV). The MMN average amplitude in different condition are water (Pz=-3.036±1.471μV) > glycerol (Pz=-2.814±1.573μV) > alcohol (Pz=-2.762±2.619μV). We observed that the P300 amplitudes in certain channel, including C3, Cz and FCz, had higher value under alcohol condition. However, the ANOVA and T-test statistics results shows no significance comparing with other experimental conditions. The result suggests that the impacts of EEG signals from skin bacteria revealed insufficient, regarding of other undiscovered EEG channels. Further analysis in molecular biology is required to identify the underlying mechanism and the prebiotics.
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