| 摘要: | 風災災害為我國每年經常遭遇之災害，而室內避難收容所為民眾避災的重要設施之一，故如何做好其營運將是地方政府防災人員一大考驗。雖然地方政府每年皆會實施避難收容所開設演練，但由於人員異動頻繁及無制定相關空間配置規則可供參考，導致避難收容所空間配置不當，以致民眾生活不便等問題發生。本研究以風災災害為例，針對避難收容所空間配置相關營運有關工作項目，包含：營運流程、工作人員分工、志工運用、物資調度流程、物流設施規劃、空間配置等議題，藉由國外文獻收集及自身實務經驗，提出具可行性之對策。透過瞭解上述議題，發展室內收容所功能設施配置原則，並應用建築資訊模型（Building Information Modeling,BIM）與本體論(Ontology)技術，設計出室內避難收容所功能設施空間配置自動化系統(Indoor Shelter Functional Facility Spatial Allocation Automation System,簡稱SFSS)。希冀藉由電腦程式自動化、視覺化模擬優勢，以輔助地方政府基層防災人員執行室內避難收容所空間規劃使用，並提升開設效率。最後本研究以新竹縣為範例，藉由邀請多位地方政府避難收容所開設策劃、實際執行工作人員及非政府組織志工人員進行使用者及專家問卷調查，並搭配實際開設演練，以驗證本研究之有效性。問卷分析結果顯示對於輔助避難收容所開設營運確實有所幫助，並且具有未來發展潛力。;Every year, Taiwan faces numerous typhoon-related disasters. Indoor evacuation shelters are essential infrastructure to ensure the safety of the general public. One of the greatest challenges for local government disaster prevention personnel is determining how to conduct evacuation shelter operations effectively. Although local governments conduct annual evacuation shelter initiation exercises, frequent personnel turnover and the lack of applicable spatial configuration guidelines have resulted in many inappropriately configured evacuation shelters, leading to inconvenience for the general public. This study used typhoon disasters as an example to examine operational items associated with the spatial configuration of evacuation shelters, including operational procedures, labor allocation among personnel, volunteer utilization, material distribution systems, logistic facility design, and spatial configuration. Pragmatic strategies were postulated by drawing upon a compilation of foreign literature and personal experience, and through understanding the aforementioned concerns, it was possible to establish principles governing the configuration of functional facilities of indoor evacuation shelters. An automation system for the spatial configuration of functional facilities was developed using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and ontological technology. It is anticipated that the utilization of automated computer programs and visualization simulation capabilities will aid local governments’ grassroots disaster prevention staff in the implementation of planning and utilization for indoor evacuation shelters, thereby increasing the efficiency of initiation efforts. Finally, using Hsinchu County as an example, the study’s validity was confirmed by inviting numerous local government personnel involved in the initiation planning and implementation of evacuation shelters, as well as non-governmental volunteers, to participate in user and expert questionnaire surveys and actual initiation exercises. The results of the questionnaire analysis indicated that these measures do in fact facilitate the initiation of evacuation shelter operations and suggested potential for further development. |
