| 摘要: | 根據環保署統計台灣地區焚化爐產生灰渣量，在民國92年度達1,051,602公噸，這些灰渣目前幾乎完全採取掩埋方式處理。未來焚化爐數量增加中，因此尋求合理經濟有效的資源化處理方法是刻不容緩之工作。 本研究主要材料取自於樹林、新店、八里三座焚化爐焚化後再經鶯歌某資源處理廠處理之底碴，底碴依焚化後處理程序不同分為：焚化爐底碴、初級資源化處理底碴及水洗底碴，前兩者經過4.5個月貯存堆置，堆置方式分為露天堆置及室外水池兩種，於貯存期間觀察其物化性質之改變；就物理性質而言，於貯存前、後進行篩分析、比重、洛杉磯磨損率等試驗，結果顯示：貯存前後之底碴，其物理性質並無任何改變；而各家焚化爐間經單因子變異數分析結果為：顯示無顯著差異。化學性質方面，各家焚化爐之化學性質趨勢幾乎相同；於貯存期間定期取樣進行pH值、水溶性氯離子、毒物溶出、化學成分及礦物晶相鑑定等分析，比較其相關性；結果顯示：貯存過程中pH值有些微下降之趨勢、降雨使得氯鹽含量降低，廚餘分類回收更降低底碴中大量的氯鹽，而毒物溶出、化學成分及礦物晶相鑑定於貯存期間觀察並無差異，但由於此一部份涉及取得樣本數量之考量，故國內應針對焚化爐底碴化學性質檢驗樣本之取樣數多寡另行研究。 另一方面針對初級資源化處理底碴進行加州承載比四天浸水回脹試驗及砂漿棒體積變化量試驗，瞭解其應用之可行性；結果顯示：底碴應用於道路工程是可行的技術，而砂漿棒體積變化量試驗結果顯示，底碴對於鹼骨材反應而言，是屬於活性粒料，故應用在水泥混凝土工程方面尚有疑慮。 According to the statistics from the Environmental Protection Administration, ash discharged by incinerators has been amounted to 1,051,602 tons by the year 2003. Burying is the strategy used to deal with them for the time being. However, as the construction of incinerators increases, the demand for economically effective way to recycle the waste is worth immediate attention. Materials in this research are mostly obtained from the waste discharged by three incinerators of Shulin、Shindian、and Bali. Before being applied to this research, these waste also went through the recycling plant in Yingko. Varied from different operations, these Bottom ash are further divided into three categories: Incinerator bottom ash、bottom ash of elementary beneficial clearout and bottom ash of wet-clean. The previous two divisions undergoes a 4.5 month of storage period - either alfresco stack or outside in water. Observing its changes on physical change & chemistry during the storage period , we have discovered that abrasion test before and after the storage period reveal that its physical property had never changed. In addition, the ANOVA demonstrates that differences among three incinerators not distinct. On the other hand, judged from their chemical property , the Bottom ash of three incinerators are actually quite similar. Successive tests and analysis of PH level, chlorate, Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedures, XRF and X-ray diffraction unfold that the pH level tend to go down as time goes by and that rainfall and recycling of kitchen leftovers greatly reduce the amount of chlorate contained in Bottom ash ,while the conclusion of Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedures, and analysis of XFR and X-ray diffraction remain unchanged during this storage period. Nevertheless, based on the consideration of sample quantity, more researches should be done on the chemical property of incinerator Bottom ash. Moreover, to realize its practicability, CBR & Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method) will also be operated on the Bottom ash produced by bottom ash of elementary beneficial clearout. The outcome tells us that bottom ash being utilized to the road-construction is feasible. On the contrary, concerning Alkali-Aggregate Reaction, Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method) proves Bottom ash is classified as active aggregate with which we should hesitate in applying to civil engineering. |
