| 摘要: | 本研究主要以苯並噻二唑 (benzothiadiazole，BT)和二噻吩並吡咯並苯並噻二唑 (DTPBT)單元為核心，開發數種有機光電材料，應用於錫鈣鈦礦太陽能電池 (Sn-PSC)。
本論文第一系列研究中，核心選用BT及其硝化衍生物 (BTN)，並於兩端修飾噻吩或硒吩以延長π共軛，製備三環結構。其中引入強拉電子基NO2可提升分子內電荷轉移能力，並通過結構上的孤電子對鈍化鈣鈦礦層缺陷。隨後，在三環核心兩端修飾推電子基三苯胺 (triphenylamine，TPA)，開發三種D-π-A-π-D之電洞傳輸材料：DSpBTN-2D (1)、DTBT-2D (2)、DSpBT-2D (3)，並與先前開發之DTBTN-2D一同比較。其中，DTBTN-2D與DSpBTN-2D (1)的初步效率分別為6.2%和5.6%，而未硝化的DTBT-2D (2)效率僅2%。
第二系列研究中，核心選用五併環結構DTPBT。此稠環分子具有高平面性，使分子間的π-π堆疊更強，進而提升電荷傳輸能力。隨後，在核心一端修飾推電子基三苯胺，另一端以噻吩延長π共軛，並連接錨定基團丙二腈、氰基乙酸、氰甲基磷酸二乙酯和磷酸，開發五種電洞傳輸材料：DTPBT-MN (4)、DTPBT-CA (5)、DTPBT-PE (6)、DTPBT-PA (7)以及未延伸共軛之材料DTPBT*-CA (8)。此系列材料以自組裝 (self-assembly)方式製成元件，目前元件優化中。
上述材料皆已完成NMR和質譜的結構鑒定，並利用UV-Vis和DPV探討光學及電化學性質。此外，透過DSC和TGA分析證實這些材料具有高熱穩定性。目前，這些有機電洞傳輸材料正在進行相關元件測試，期望能展現出優異的效能表現。
;A series of novel organic optoelectronic materials based on benzothiadiazole (BT) and dithienobenzothiadiazole (DTPBT) were developed and applied in tin-based perovskite solar cells (Sn-PSCs).
In the first series, three newly developed hole-transporting materials DSpBTN-2D (1), DTBT-2D (2), and DSpBT-2D (3) were synthesized by using BT and BTN as cores to attached thiophene (T) or selenophene (Sp), and functionalized with triphenylamine (TPA) as an electron-donating group. Incorporating nitro units (NO2) with benzothiadiazole enhances intramolecular charge transfer and passivates defects on the perovskite layer. These hole-transporting materials were applied in tin-based perovskite solar cells. Initial tests results showed that DTBTN-2D and DSpBTN-2D (1) achieved efficiencies of 6.2% and 5.6%, respectively, while the nitro-deficient DTBT-2D (2) achieved only 2%.
In the second series of studies, five self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were developed using the five fused ring molecule DTPBT as the core. The high planarity fused ring structure enhances intermolecular π-π interaction and improves charge transport performance. An electron-donating triphenylamine (TPA) group was modified at one end of the core, while the other end was extended with thiophene to increase the π-conjugation. Additionally, anchoring groups such as malononitrile (MN), cyanoacetic acid (CA), diethyl (cyanomethyl)phosphonate (PE), and phosphonic acid (PA) were attached. Five materials were successfully synthesized: DTPBT-MN (4), DTPBT-CA (5), DTPBT-PE (6), DTPBT-PA (7), and DTPBT*-CA (8) without extended π-conjugation. These materials were fabricated into devices using self-assembly process, and currently are under device fabrication optimization.
Two series of hole-transporting materials were characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry, and their optical and electrochemical properties were examined using UV-Vis and DPV techniques. Additionally, DSC and TGA analyses confirmed the high thermal stability of these materials. Currently, these organic optoelectronic materials are under optimization for relevant device testing, expected to demonstrate outstanding performance. |
