| 摘要: | 本研究利用花崗岩及玻璃回收料製造功能性複合石材，係利用花崗岩石材加工所剩餘的邊料板等下腳料資源化，經過粉碎加工、篩選洗淨，添加高硬度的回收玻璃石英砂、色料及功能性摻料，混合樹脂黏著劑，設計成合理的緻密配比，在真空、震動條件下壓結成型，製備功能性複合石材。因微細顆粒充填於黏著劑中而形成極緻密結構，進而增強抗壓強度及抗彎曲性能，使功能性複合石材具有高強度及低吸水率等優點，符合未來功能性石材的趨勢與節約資源永續發展的理念。 本論文利用在抽真空的低壓條件下，以震動加壓的方法探討石材下腳料與廢玻璃資源化製成人造石材，以40 % 的石英細粉混合60 % 的容器玻璃粉碎粒料資源化，在操作條件真空度50 mmHg，1400 Hz的震動頻率與1.5 kg/cm²的壓力震動壓實下，壓實持續2 min作成夜光功能性人造石材進行可行性研究。 研究顯示，回收料可以壓製成高抗壓強度與極低吸水率的人造鋪面石材，可以得到良好的緻密度。其比重為2.445，莫氐硬度> 6。較天然花崗岩的物理特性更為優良。(1)在細骨材緻密配比及最小含膠量設計條件下，添加細料進行充填，可提高抗壓強度達1500 kg/cm²以上，抗彎曲強度500 kg/cm²以上。(2)功能性複合石材微結構更為緻密，石材表面經抛光加工處理後光澤度提高，吸水率 < 0.02 %，優於天然大理石。(3)經過偏光顯微鏡、XRD與SEM微觀分析，功能性複合石材表面具有銳錐型TiO2結晶，具有光觸媒自清潔功能性。(4)添加15 %蓄光摻料之發光亮度為0.3 mcd/cm²可長達8小時以上，適合做為夜間標示與緊急逃生避難指引之營建材料。 (5)經濟效益評估設廠投資約需6.4仟萬，每年可資源化材料24萬噸。整體研究成果顯示可以利用回收料發展成為一種實用的功能性複合石材。 Stone materials for their inherited advantages and performances including fire proof, wear withstanding, bright and elegance have been comprehensively applied in constructional works. Though ultra large size of stone plates in thickness of 3 cm are now used for the curtain walls of buildings and stone materials for the flooring, stone sculptures and decoration purposes have been rapidly developed, many difficulties are challenging the engineering technology and maintenance. Therefore, basic requirements of being lighter, thinner, higher strength, and larger plate of stone materials have become the bottleneck for the future constructional materials to break through. Functional composite stone materials, as the subject of the study, utilize the recycling of residual stone materials after the cutting process are to be further crashed, screened, cleaned, added with quartz of higher hardness, coloring and modified with additives in a refined batching; then mixed with epoxy resin to be compressed and molded under vacuum and vibration conditions. Wherein, nanometer powder modifier can be filled in the resin to form an extremely refine structure thus to improve bending strength and impact resistance for the functional composite stone materials to give advantages of being resilient, lightweight and yielding high tensile strength to meet the trends and sustainable development of ultra think stone sheets. Modifier added into the functional composite stone materials is comprised of light storage, nanometer photothermal catalyst and special ceramic additives. Finally, the stone material is given surface treatment to provide features of stopping ingression of water containment, increasing brightness and hardness, becoming luminous in darkness, generating ions, bacteria resisting by photo-catalyst and self-cleaning, so to eliminate defectives including whitening, rust stains and water seepage found with the current natural stone materials. Study results show that (1) given with the design conditions of refined batching and the least glue containment, addition of resin modifier and filler of nanometer fine materials will improve compression resistance over 1500 kg/cm², and bending strength over 500 kg/cm². (2) Addition of nanometer fine materials gives even more refined structure for the functional composite stone materials. The surface gloss of the stone materials after polishing could reach over 80, Mohr’s hardness over 8, and water absorption rate greater than 0.02%, all better than those found with the natural marble. (3) XRD and SEM, and AFM microscopic analysis indicate that TiO2 crystals in conic form are found on the surface of the functional composite stone materials that provides self-cleaning function of photo-catalyst. (4) Addition of 15% light storage material permits the duration of 0.3 mcd/cm² effective brightness up to 12 hours, making it an ideal candidate material for the making of marker during night hours and indicator of emergency evacuation. (5) The ratio by weight of the recycled waste of stone materials derived from the process could reach 43% in the functional composite stone materials, that is the extreme of the refined batching of 3/4” coarse aggregate. However, the engineering quality of granite is slightly compromised since the homogeneity of the crystal of granite is worse than that of the silicon sand. Nonetheless, overall study results have shown that the recycled stone materials are justified as feasible functional composite stone materials. |
