產官學三螺旋互動對產業群聚影響之探討-以丹麥風力能源產業為例

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陳志榮(Chih-Jung Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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產業經濟研究所

論文名稱

產官學三螺旋互動對產業群聚影響之探討-以丹麥風力能源產業為例
(Study of the Triple Helix impact on industry cluster-Denamrk wind energy industry)

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摘要(中)

我國因天然資源蘊藏缺乏，截至2007 年為止，有99.3%的能源必須仰賴進口，因此能源供給系統的穩定性，將直接衝擊我國的經濟發展。政府部門如何透過政策手段來建立穩定的能源供需體系，並兼顧能源安全與環保要求，將是相當重要課題。
經由本研究針對丹麥風能產業個案分析後，歸納出丹麥風能產業得以發展成功主因在於「產官學三螺旋互動」，其良好的互動模式與轉折的進化，本研究得出下列四點結論，藉以論述丹麥風能發展的成功：1.早期政府角色扮演的成功，政府具有前瞻性眼光，首先建立風能產業市場化，在藉由一連串適切的政策，扶植產業的發展。2.產業界於發展後期扮演火車頭的角色，國內領導廠商－Vestas提供產業供應鍊整合的機會，發展出丹麥風能群聚效果。3.相較於其他世界各國，丹麥提供風能專業化人才，不僅進行風能技術出口，在人才供應上保持良好的素質。此外由於丹麥學術機構具有相當高的國際化水準，在專業人才輸出上，亦有良好的表現，學術界角色扮演的成功，對於丹麥風能產業發展功不可沒。4.丹麥產官學三者具有緊密且良好的互動交流，並且不斷的演化改良，以順應世界風能產業的瞬息萬變。

摘要(英)

Due to lack of natural resources, till the end of 2007,99.3 percent of energy must be dependent on imports, so the stability of energy supply systems will have a direct impact on economic development. Government how to create a stable energy supply and demand system by policy instruments, taking into account energy security and environmental protection requirements, that will be very important topics.
Through the case study analysis of the Danish wind energy industry, Summed up the success of the Danish wind industry is due to industry, government and school interaction and integration, this study makes the following four conclusions:1.The government play success role in the early stage, who has a forward-looking vision,first of all, it established the wind energy production market and a series of appropriate policies to support industry.2.The later leader is industry, Vestas, world wind turbine manufactory in Denmark, who providing opportunities for industry supply chain integration.3.Compared with other countries in the world, the Danish academic institutions play an important role in wind energy industry, who to provide specialized talent and wind energy technology exports. In addition Danish academic institutions have a very high international standards.4.Denmark among industry, government and academic have close interaction and continues to progress in order to adapt to the rapidly changing in wind energy industry.

關鍵字(中)

★ 風力能源
★ 三螺旋
★ 產業群聚

關鍵字(英)

★ Triple Helix
★ cluster
★ wind energy

論文目次

中文摘要........................ i
英文摘要.........................ii
致................................................................................................................................iii
目錄..................................................................................................................................... iv
圖目錄...............................................................................................................................viii
表目錄................................................................................................................................. ix
第一章緒論....................................................................................................................... 1
1-1 研究動機.......................................................................................................................... 1
1-1-1 發展再生能源動機........................................................................................................ 1
1-1-2 發展風力能源動機........................................................................................................ 2
1-1-3 本研究動機................................................................................................................... 4
1-2 研究目的.......................................................................................................................... 4
1-3 研究範疇.......................................................................................................................... 6
1-4 論文架構.......................................................................................................................... 6
第二章文獻探討................................................................................................................ 7
2-1 產業群聚.......................................................................................................................... 7
2-1-1 產業群聚之發展脈絡.................................................................................................... 7
2-1-2 群聚之定義................................................................................................................... 8
2-1-3 產業群聚形成要素........................................................................................................ 9
2-1-4 產業群聚之優勢...........................................................................................................12
2-2 三螺旋模型.....................................................................................................................15
2-2-1 三螺旋起源..................................................................................................................15
2-2-2 三螺旋定義..................................................................................................................17
2-2-3 三螺旋相關實証...........................................................................................................21
第三章研究方法與架構.................................................................................................. 22
3-1 研究方法.........................................................................................................................22
v
3-2 研究架構.........................................................................................................................23
第四章風力發電概論...................................................................................................... 24
4-1 風力能源介紹..................................................................................................................24
4-2 風力發電.........................................................................................................................26
4-2-1 風力發電介紹..............................................................................................................26
4-2-2 風力發電優缺點...........................................................................................................30
4-3 我國風力發電發展概況..................................................................................................33
4-3-1 發展背景......................................................................................................................33
4-3-2 發展現況......................................................................................................................35
4-3-3 發展限制......................................................................................................................38
第五章世界各國風能發展.............................................................................................. 39
5-1 全球佈署概況..................................................................................................................40
5-2 區域概況.........................................................................................................................41
5-2-1 歐洲..............................................................................................................................42
5-2-2 亞洲..............................................................................................................................42
5-2-3 北美..............................................................................................................................43
5-3 主要國家風能設置介紹..................................................................................................43
5-3-1 德國..............................................................................................................................44
5-3-2 美國..............................................................................................................................48
5-3-3 西班牙..........................................................................................................................53
5-3-4 中國..............................................................................................................................56
5-3-5 印度..............................................................................................................................58
5-3-6 世界各國比較..............................................................................................................62
第六章個案分析－丹麥風能產業................................................................................... 64
6-1 國家丹麥介紹..................................................................................................................64
6-2 丹麥風能發展介紹..........................................................................................................65
6-2-1 丹麥早期風能發展.......................................................................................................65
vi
6-2-2 丹麥風能發展現況.......................................................................................................66
6-2-3 丹麥風能發展未來.......................................................................................................69
6-3 丹麥風力發電產業-產部門.............................................................................................70
6-3-1 產業概況......................................................................................................................70
6-3-2 領導廠商－維斯塔.......................................................................................................75
6-3-3 丹麥風能產業鏈與群聚效果.......................................................................................80
6-3-4 小結..............................................................................................................................82
6-4 丹麥風力發電產業-官部門.............................................................................................84
6-4-1 介紹政府扶持能源的機構與簡介................................................................................85
6-4-2 政府政策與方針...........................................................................................................86
6-4-3 政策對風力發電產業之影響.......................................................................................92
6-4-4 小結..............................................................................................................................95
6-5 丹麥風力發電產業-學部門.............................................................................................96
6-5-1 丹麥科技大學（Technical University of Denmark, DTU）..........................................97
6-5-2 RISO 國家實驗室.......................................................................................................100
6-5-3 奧胡斯工程學院（Engineering College of Aarhus, IHA）.........................................103
6-5-4 其他學術機構............................................................................................................104
6-5-5 小結............................................................................................................................106
6-6 丹麥風力發電產業-三螺旋互動與轉折點....................................................................107
6-6-1 三螺旋互動................................................................................................................108
6-6-2 三螺旋轉折................................................................................................................111
6-6-3 驗證假設....................................................................................................................111
6-7 本章結論.......................................................................................................................114
第七章結論與建議........................................................................................................ 116
7-1 結論...............................................................................................................................116
7-2 研究限制.......................................................................................................................118
7-3 後續研究建................................................................................................................118

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（三）網路資料
1. Danish University Wind Energy Training官方網站：http://www.duwet.dk/
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指導教授

張明宗、王弓
(Ming-ChungChang、Gung Wang)

審核日期

2009-7-21

推文