應用固定式機車駕駛模擬器探討酒精濃度對騎士煞車反應時間之影響

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：162

、訪客IP：18.118.162.180

姓名

田文肇(Wun-jhao Tian) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

應用固定式機車駕駛模擬器探討酒精濃度對騎士煞車反應時間之影響
(Study on the Effect of Alcohol Concentration on Brake Reaction Times of Riders with Static Motorcycle Riding Simulator)

相關論文

★ 反應性磁控法濺鍍氮化鈦鎢薄膜磨潤行為研究	★ 應用田口方法於發光二極體導線架射出成型參數最佳化之研究
★ 應用田口方法於半導體晶圓盒製造最佳化	★ 虛擬護理數位診斷模擬系統開發之研究
★ 虛擬射出成型試驗機之研究	★ 藥柱疲勞特性與壽限評估模式之研究
★ 網際網路虛擬護理照護數位模擬系統之研究	★ 虛擬實境應用於手部復健與電動輪椅模擬系統之研發
★ 縮尺發動機振動與疲勞壽限之研究	★ 應用駕駛模擬器探討震動防撞警示系統之技術開發與研究
★ 虛擬實境應用於坐姿平衡訓練系統之研究	★ 符合SCORM規範之射出成型數位學習系統建置與研究
★ 虛擬場景模組化與自動編輯系統開發之研究	★ 虛擬內視鏡基礎技術訓練系統學習轉移之研究
★ 聚縮醛(POM)機械性質之射出成型條件最佳化研究	★ A533與A508鋼材疲勞裂縫成長特性研究

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)

摘要(中)

在近幾年裡，台灣都市地區的交通密度、開車的限制和花費逐漸增加，導致使用兩輪交通工具的人數逐漸增加。根據交通部統計處資料顯示，民國95年涉入A2類車禍中的機車數每萬輛機車有1,078輛，而在國內目前所關切之酒醉駕駛方面，從民國93至95年A1類交通事故件數中酒醉(後)駕駛肇事件數所占的比例越來越高，而取締酒後駕駛案件數更是居高不下，顯示國內機車車禍問題確實相當嚴重。
本研究以固定式機車模擬器配合虛擬道路場景，將無法在實際道路上進行的實驗的駕車情境，於安全環境下進行實驗，探討機車騎士對於道路上突發事件的煞車反應時間，並針對未飲酒、呼氣酒精濃度0.15 mg/l和呼氣酒精濃度0.25 mg/l的情況下，探討酒精對機車騎士的煞車反應時間之影響。
結果顯示，煞車反應時間會受到酒精、性別、煞車預備動作、左右手和單手或是雙手操作煞車的影響。而在呼氣酒精濃度為0.15mg/l和0.25mg/l的情況下，受測者的剎車反應時間皆比在未飲酒的情況下高，也就是說喝酒會讓受測者對於突發事件的剎車反應時間變長，增加可能發生事故的機率。

摘要(英)

In recent years, the urban traffic density and the rising constraints and costs supported by car drivers caused an increase of the use of two wheeled vehicles in Taiwan. Base on the department of statistics of MOTC reported in 2006, there are 1078 of every ten thousand motorcycles in A2 traffic accident. And after riding while intoxicated, the amount of motorcycle accidents in A1 traffic accident get more and more from 2004 to 2006. The data show that the motorcycle accident problem is quite serious.
The study integrates the static motorcycle riding simulator and technologies of virtual reality (VR) to develop a VR system for measuring brake reaction time of motorcycle riders. The VR system that can simulate the actual riding scene lets motorcycle rider experiment in a safety condition. The study examined the estimation of influences on riding while intoxicated (breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) 0.15 mg/l and 0.25 mg/l) upon motorcycle riders, a test was taken to examine the brake reaction times of the sudden accident on the road.
The results showed that alcohol, sex, ready-to-brake, braked by using single-handed or both hand and braked by using the left hand or right hand could influence brake reaction times, and higher BrAC was found to be correlated with longer brake reaction times.

關鍵字(中)

★ 機車模擬器
★ 煞車反應時間
★ 呼氣酒精濃度

關鍵字(英)

★ Brake Reaction Times
★ Motorcycle Riding Simulator
★ Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC)

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
總目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章　緒論 1
1-1　研究背景與動機 1
1-2　研究目的 5
1-3　研究方法與流程 5
1-4　論文架構 7
第二章　文獻回顧 8
2-1　國外機車模擬器發展現況 8
2-2　酒精對人體的影響 12
2-2-1 人體對酒精的生理反應 12
2-2-2 酒精對駕駛者造成的影響 14
2-3　駕駛反應時間之相關研究 16
第三章　研究方法 20
3-1　實驗對象 20
3-2　系統軟硬體設備 20
3-2-1 固定式機車模擬器 20
3-2-2 訊號擷取設備 21
3-2-3 影像顯示系統及操控電腦 22
3-2-4 酒測設備 24
3-2-5 駕駛模擬器軟體介紹 25
3-3　實驗設計 28
3-3-1 實驗因子 28
3-3-2 實驗場景規劃 33
3-4　實驗程序 39
3-4-1 未飲酒實驗程序 39
3-4-2 有飲酒實驗程序 40
第四章　實驗結果分析與討論 42
4-1　實驗1煞車反應測試(無場景) 42
4-1-1 實驗1數據資料 42
4-1-2 實驗1結果分析 53
4-2　實驗2煞車反應測試(有道路場景) 55
4-2-1 實驗2數據資料 55
4-2-2 實驗2結果分析 66
4-3　實驗3煞車反應測試(行人橫越道路場景)在無飲酒條件下 68
4-3-1 實驗3在無飲酒條件下的數據資料 68
4-3-1 實驗3在無飲酒條件下的結果分析 70
4-4　實驗3煞車反應測試(行人橫越道路場景)在呼氣酒精濃度為0.15 mg/l條件下 70
4-4-1 實驗3在呼氣酒精濃度為0.15 mg/l條件下的數據資料 70
4-4-2 實驗3在呼氣酒精濃度為0.15 mg/l條件下的結果分析 72
4-5　實驗3煞車反應測試(行人橫越道路場景)在呼氣酒精濃度為0.25 mg/l條件下 72
4-5-1 實驗3在呼氣酒精濃度為0.25 mg/l條件下的數據資料 72
4-5-2 實驗3在呼氣酒精濃度為0.25 mg/l條件下的結果分析 74
4-6　實驗1和實驗2結果比較分析 74
4-7　實驗2與實驗3結果比較分析 77
4-8　實驗3之不同呼氣酒精濃度結果比較分析 79
4-9　小結 82
第五章　結論與未來發展建議 84
5-1　結論 84
5-2　未來發展建議 85
參考文獻 86
附錄A　各受測者的實驗數據散布圖 92
1　實驗1數據 92
2　實驗2數據 98
3　實驗3數據 104
附錄B　各受測者的酒測值 106

參考文獻

1. 交通部，交通部交通統計。2008年2月12日，取自http://www.motc.gov.tw/mocwebGIP/wSite/lp?ctNode=160&CtUnit=92&BaseDSD=7&mp=1。
2. 內政部警政署，內政部警政署統計通報。2008年2月12日，取自http://www.npa.gov.tw/NPAGip/wSite/lp?ctNode=11393&CtUnit=1739&BaseDSD=7&mp=1。
3. 交通部運輸研究所研究報告書，“駕駛人行為反應之研究—酒醉駕車對駕駛行為之分析研究”，民國82年。
4. Y. Miyamaru, G. Yamasaki and K. Aoki, “Development of a motorcycle riding simulator”, JSAE Review, Vol. 23, pp. 121-126, 2002.
5. http://honda.autonet.com.tw/cgi-bin/file/v1/file_view.cgi?qry=a6010816255701.
6. Development of riding simulator, http://sklofp.zju.edu.cn/icfp/upload/paper/116_main.pdf.
7. V. Cossalter, A. Doria, R. Lot and M. Maso, “A motorcycle riding simulator for assessing the riding ability and for testing rider assistance systems”, pp. 49-58, 9th Driving Simulation Conference, Paris, France, October 4-6, 2006.
8. M. G. Lay, 美國馬里蘭州酒醉駕駛執法人員訓練課程講義。
9. W.F. Bosron, T. Ehrig and T.K. Li, “Genetic factors in alcohol metabolism and alcoholism”, Seminars in Liver Disease, Vol. 13, pp. 126-135, 1993.
10. H. Kalant, “Absorption, diffusion, distribution and elimination of ethonal: Effect on biological membranes”, In: International Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 1 Oxford: Pergamon, pp. 161-188, 1970.
11. NIAAA, http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/
12. A.W. Jones and K.A. Jönsson, “Food-induced lowering of blood-ethanol profiles and increased rate of elimination immediately after a meal”, Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 39, pp. 1084-1093, 1994.
13. Mount Holyoke College, http://www.mtholyoke.edu.
14. P.K. Wilkinson, A.J. Sedman, E. Sakmar, D.R. Kay and J.G. Wagner, “Pharmacokinetics of ethanol after oral administration in the fasting state”, Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Vol. 5, pp. 207-224, 1977.
15. 劉郁騰，“酒精戒斷症候群”，健仁藥訊，民國94年。
16. 阮祺文，“酒醉駕車-飲不盡的悲歌”，台灣醫界 43(4)，第69-70頁，民國89年。
17. 蔡中志，“血液唾液尿液吐氣酒精濃度檢測方法實用性評估”，交通安全委員會報告，民國89年。
18. J. Oxley, M. Lennė, B. Corben, “The effect of alcohol impairment on road-crossing behaviour”, Transportation Research Part F, Vol. 9, pp. 258-268, 2006.
19. M.G. Lenne, T.J. Triggs, J.R. Redman, “Alcohol, time of day, and driving experience: effects on simulated driving performance and subjective mood”, Transportation Human Factors, Vol. 1, pp. 331-346, 1999.
20. S. Leung and G. Starmer, “Gap acceptance and risk-taking by young and mature drivers, both sober and alcohol-intoxicated, in a simulated driving task”, Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 37, pp. 1056-1065, 2005.
21. H. Moskowitz and D. Fiorentino, “A Review of the Literature on the Effects of Low Does of Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills”, Washington: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2000.
22. M. Nawrot, “Depth perception in driving: alcohol intoxication, eye movement changes, and the disruption of motion parallax”, Proceedings of the First International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design, pp. 76-80, Aspen, Colo, August 14-17, 2001.
23. D.J. Beirness, “Alcohol and Fatal Road Accidents in Canada”, Ottawa: Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 1985.
24. 蘇耿賢，“從注意力選擇模型進行視覺注意力之量化分析”，國立成功大學醫學工程研究所碩士論文，民國91年。
25. A.T. Welford, “Motor performance”, In J. E. Birren and K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 450-496, 1977.
26. S. Jevas and J.H. Yan, “The effect of aging on cognitive function: a preliminary quantitative review”, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, Vol. 72: A-49, 2001.
27. C.W. Luchies, J. Schiffman, L.G. Richards, M.R. Thompson, D. Bazuin and A. J. Deyoung, “Effects of age, step direction, and reaction condition on the ability to step quickly”, The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and Medical Sciences, Vol. 57, pp. 246-249, 2002.
28. S.A. Rose, J.F. Feldman, J.J. Jankowski and D.M. Caro, “A longitudinal study of visual expectation and reaction time in the first year of life”, Child Development, Vol. 73, pp. 47-61, 2002.
29. G. Der and I.J. Deary, “Age and sex differences in reaction time in adulthood: Results from the United Kingdom health and lifestyle survey”, Psychology and Aging, Vol. 21, pp. 62-73, 2006.
30. J. Botwinick, “Cautiousness in advanced age”, Journal of Gerontology, Vol. 21, pp. 347-353, 1966.
31. F. Galton, “On instruments for testing perception of differences of tint and for determining reaction time”, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Vol. 19, pp. 27-29, 1899.
32. C. E. Noble, B.L. Baker and T.A. Jones, “Age and sex parameters in psychomotor learning”, Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 19, pp. 935-945, 1964.
33. J.J Adam, F.G.W.C. Paas, M.J. Buekers, I.J. Wuyts, W.A.C. Spijkers and P. Wallmeyer, “Gender differences in choice reaction time: evidence for differential strategies”, Ergonomics, Vol. 42, pp. 327-335, 1999.
34. A.T.Welford, “Choice reaction time: Basic concepts”, In A. T. Welford (Ed.), Reaction Times, Academic Press, New York, pp. 73-128, 1980.
35. S. Dane and A. Erzurumluoglu, “Sex and handedness differences in eye-hand visual reaction times in handball players”, International Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 113, pp. 923-929, 2003.
36. G. Szinnai, H. Schachinger, M.J. Arnaud, L. Linder and U. Keller, “Effect of water deprivation on cognitive-motor performance in healthy men and women”, The American Journal of Physiology, Vol. 289, pp. 275-280, 2005.
37. J.J Adam, F.G.W.C. Paas, M.J. Buekers, I.J. Wuyts, W.A.C. Spijkers and P. Wallmeyer, “Gender differences in choice reaction time: evidence for differential strategies”, Ergonomics, Vol. 42, pp. 327-335, 1999.
38. J. Barral and B. Debu, “Aiming in adults: Sex and laterality effects”, Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, Vol. 9, pp. 299-312, 2004..
39. S. Barthėlėmy and P. Boulinguez, “Manual reaction time asymmetries in human subjects: the role of movement planning and attention”, Neuroscience Letters, Vol. 315, pp. 41-44, 2001.
40. P. Boulinguez, S. Barthélémy and B. Debû, “Influence of the movement parameter to be controlled on manual RT asymmetries in right-handers”, Brain and Cognition, Vol. 44, pp. 653-661, 2000.
41. S. Dane and A. Erzurumluoglu, “Sex and handedness differences in eye-hand visual reaction times in handball players”, International Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 113, pp. 923-929, 2003.
42. M. Peters and J. Ivanoff, “Performance asymmetries in computer mouse control of right-handers, and left-handers with left- and right-handed mouse experience”, Journal of Motor Behavior, Vol. 31, pp. 56-94, 1999.
43. P.J. Bryden, “Pushing the limits of task difficulty for the right and left hands in manual aiming”, Brain and Cognition, Vol. 48, pp. 287-291, 2002.
44. J.T. Brebner, and A. T. Welford, “Introduction: an historical background sketch”, In A. T. Welford (Ed), Reaction Times, Academic Press, pp. 1-23, 1980.
45. S. Ando, N. Kida and S. Oda, “Retention of practice effects on simple reaction time for peripheral and central visual fields,” Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 95, pp. 897-900, 2004.
46. L.D. Kruisselbrink, K.L. Martin, M. Megeney, J.R. Fowles and R.J.L. Murphy, “Physical and psychomotor functioning of females the morning after consuming low to moderate quantities of beer,” Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Vol. 67, pp. 416-421, 2006.
47. M.T. Fillmore and J. Blackburn, “Compensating for alcohol-induced impairment: alcohol expectancies and behavioral disinhibition”, Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Vol. 63, pp. 237, 2002.
48. D.E. Broadbent, “Decision and Stress”, Academic Press, London, 1971.
49. M. Trimmel and G. Poelzl, “Impact of background noise on reaction time and brain DC potential changes of VDT-based spatial attention”, Ergonomics, Vol. 49, pp. 202-209, 2006.
50. C.M. Richard, R.D. Wright, C. Ee, S.L. Prime, U. Shimizu and J. Vavrik, “Effect of a concurrent auditory task on visual search performance in a driving-related image-flicker task”, Human Factors, Vol. 44, pp. 108, 2002.
51. J.D. Lee, B. Caven, S. Haake and T.L. Brown, “Speech-based interaction with in-vehicle computers: The effect of speech-based e-mail on drivers' attention to the roadway”, Human Factors, Vol. 43, pp. 631, 2001.
52. W.J. Horrey and C.D Wickens, “Examining the impact of cell phone conversations on driving using meta-analytic techniques”, Human Factors, Vol. 48, pp. 196, 2006.
53. M.M. Lorist and J. Snel, “Caffeine effects on perceptual and motor process”, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 102, pp. 401-414, 1997.
54. P.J. Durlach, R. Edmunds, Howard and S.P. Tipper, “A rapid effect of daffeinated beverages on two choice reaction time tasks”, Nutritional Neuroscience, Vol. 5, pp. 433-422, 2002.
55. A. Liguori and J.H. Robinson, “Caffeine anatagonism of alcohol-induced driving impairment”, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Vol. 63, pp. 123-129, 2001.
56. H. Ecker, J. Wassermann, R. Ruspekhofer, G. Hauer and M. Winkelbauer, “Brake Reaction Times of Motorcycle Riders”, International Motorcycle Safety Conference, 2001.
57. Promocycle Foundation, http://www.fmq.qc.ca/pdf/etudetempsfreinage_en.pdf.
58. P.E. Watson, “Total body water and blood alcohol levels: Updating the fundamentals”, In K. Crow & R. Batt (Eds.), Human metabolism of alcohol: Pharmacokinetics, medicolegal aspects, and general interest , Vol.1, pp.41-58, 1989.
59. http://www.epsport.idv.tw/epsport/week/show.asp?repno=52.

指導教授

鄭銘章(Ming-chang Jeng)

審核日期

2008-7-22

推文