降低污泥焚化爐煙氣戴奧辛排放之研究

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：98

、訪客IP：3.135.190.224

姓名

洪朝卿(Chao-Chin Hung) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

環境工程研究所在職專班

論文名稱

降低污泥焚化爐煙氣戴奧辛排放之研究
(Evaluation of the Emission Characteristics of PCDD/Fs from a Sludge Incinerato)

相關論文

★ 國內汽車業表面塗裝製程VOCs減量技術探討	★ 光電廠溫室效應氣體排放量推估-以龍潭廠區為例
★ 受苯、甲苯與1,2-二氯乙烷污染場址之案例研究	★ TFT-LCD產業揮發性有機物(VOCs)空氣污染之減量與防制之研究
★ 膠帶製造業VOCs排放與防制效率之探討	★ 校園環境噪音對國三學生煩擾度及學習成就的影響－以桃園縣某國中為例
★ 醫療業從業人員職業災害分析探討-以某區域醫院為例	★ 面板製程之有害物暴露評估-以A廠為例
★ 更換低噪音工具以改善廠房噪音之研究-以汽車製造A廠為例	★ 以高溫熔融還原法回收不銹鋼集塵灰中鉻與鎳之效益探討
★ 以介電質放電技術轉化四氟甲烷及六氟乙烷之初步探討	★ 垃圾焚化爐空氣污染控制設備影響戴奧辛排放特性之初步探討
★ 以活性碳吸附煙道排氣中戴奧辛之初步研究	★ 以低溫電漿去除揮發性有機物之研究
★ 北台灣大氣環境中戴奧辛濃度之分布特性研究	★ 介電質放電技術控制小型重油鍋爐氮氧化物排放之可行性研究

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

本研究以一座運轉中的汙泥焚化爐為對象，針對煙道氣進行戴奧辛採樣分析。本汙泥焚化爐設備容量為12 ton/day，配備有文式冷卻塔及袋濾室集塵器，初步評估在燃燒控制及既有空氣污染防制設備對戴奧辛之去除效率。研究結果顯示，冷卻塔中段煙道氣中戴奧辛濃度為0.046 ng-I-TEQ/Nm3，其濃度遠低於煙囪排放口之濃度0.321 ng-I-TEQ/Nm3。在APCD前後採樣結果中，PCDF濃度於總戴奧辛排放濃度及總毒性當量濃度中皆佔主導地位。採樣為同步採樣，煙道氣流250℃至400℃時為戴奧辛生成之高峰區，當煙道氣流由440℃冷卻至袋濾室集塵器入口之173℃時，剛好經過戴奧辛之生成溫度窗，進而造成煙道氣中煙囪戴奧辛濃度高過冷卻塔中段，戴奧辛低溫再生成所造成的影響應為其最主要的原因。煙囪排放口之戴奧辛濃度已低於目前法規排放標準(0.5 ng-I-TEQ/Nm3)，分布於煙囪氣流中之戴奧辛物種氣固相分布幾乎各佔一半（非毒性當量濃度），表示改善後其空氣污染防制設備對固相戴奧辛之去除效果已有提升。本研究針對本土污泥焚化爐於典型操作條件下戴奧辛之排放濃度做初步探討，已充分掌握戴奧辛物種之分佈，包括高低氯數分佈、PCDD/Fs之分佈及APCD前後物種的改變。所建立之國內污泥焚化廠排氣中戴奧辛濃度資料與空氣污染防制設備對戴奧辛之去除效率資料可提供未來國內業者興建污泥焚化廠選用空氣污染防制技術及相關單位於建立戴奧辛排放資料庫或進行風險評估時之重要參考。

摘要(英)

Evaluation of the dioxin removal efficiencies of the air pollution control devices (APCDs) at existing industrial sludge incinerator (ISI) in Taiwan is conducted via stack sampling and analysis in this study. The ISI investigated (capacity: 12 tons/day) is equipped with venturi scrubber followed by bag filter (BF). The PCDD/F concentrations measured at venturi scrubber inlet is 0.046 ng-I-TEQ/Nm3 which is lower than that measured at stack (0.321 ng-I-TEQ/Nm3). The results indicate that PCDF concentration is much higher than PCDD measured in flue gas of BF inlet and outlet in the ISI investigated. The flue gas is quenched by venturi scrubber, with the temperature being decreased from 440°C to 173°C. Therefore, the PCDD/F concentration measured at stack gas is significant higher than that measured at BF inlet because the operating temperature of the APCD falls into the temperature window of de novo synthesis (200~350°C). Besides, the results of vapor/solid-phase PCDD/F sampling also indicate that the about 50% PCDD/F congeners exist in solid phase. Hence, the removal efficiency of particle and solid-phase PCDD/F achieved with BF in the ISI investigated should be improved to further reduce its PCDD/Fs emissions. Overall, this study preliminary evaluates the PCDD/F concentration and congener distribution in flue gas of an existing ISI. The results of this study provide important references for the industry in terms of design and operation of ISIs.

關鍵字(中)

★ 污泥焚化爐
★ 戴奧辛
★ 煙道氣
★ 毒性當量濃度

關鍵字(英)

★ sludge incinerator
★ PCDD/Fs
★ flue gas
★ I-TEQ

論文目次

第一章前言...........................................................................1
1.1研究動機………………………………………………….1
1.2研究目的………………………………………………….1
1.3預期目標………………………………………………….2
第二章文獻回顧………………………………….………..3
2.1 戴奧辛之基本認識………………………………………3
2.1.1 戴奧辛之結構………………………………………..3
2.1.2 戴奧辛之基本特性…………………………………..4
2.2大氣環境中戴奧辛濃度之變化特性…………………….8
2.3 燃燒過程中戴奧辛之生成機制 …………………………11
2.3.1 De Novo合成反應……………………………………12
2.3.2 前驅物異相催化反應…………………………..........13
2.4 戴奧辛污染源排放………………………………………14
2.4.1 各國戴奧辛污染源排放量…………………………..14
2.4.2 戴奧辛排放之管制標準……………………………..18
2.5 國內中小型廢棄物焚化廠現況…………………………20
2.6 戴奧辛之控制技術………………………………………24
第三章研究方法…………………………………………….28
3.1 研究流程設計……………………………………………28
3.2 實驗藥品與試劑…………………………………………32
3.2.1 實驗藥品…………………………………………...32
3.2.2 實驗試劑…………………………………………….33
3.3 實驗材料與設備………………………………………..33
3.3.1 實驗材料……………………………………………33
3.3.2 實驗設備…………………………………………….34
3.4 採樣方法……………………………………………….35
3.4.1 樣品瓶之清洗程序………………………………...43
3.4.2 煙道採樣流程……………………………………...43
3.5 戴奧辛之分析………………………………………….48
3.5.1 樣品前處理…………………………………………..49
3.5.2 分析儀器條件之設定………………………………..53
第四章結果與討論…………………………………………55
4.1污泥焚化爐戴奧辛排放濃度……………………………55
4.2污泥焚化爐戴奧辛氣固相及物種濃度分佈……………59
4.3 戴奧辛排放推估…………………………………………61
4.3.1 污泥焚化過程戴奧辛流佈特性分析………………..61
4.3.2 污泥焚化爐戴奧辛排放係數………………………..64
4.4 小結………………………………………………………65
4.5改善措施………………………………………………….67
4.6改善後採樣分析結果…………………………………….68
4.6.1改善後戴奧辛氣固相及物種濃度分佈……………...68
4.6.2改善後污泥焚化爐戴奧辛採樣分析結果…………...70
第五章結論與建議………………………………………….72
5.1 結論………………………………………………………72
5.2 建議………………………………………………………72
參考文獻……………………………………………………...73
附錄一檢測結果摘要……………………………………….80
附錄二樣品分析數據……………………………………….91

參考文獻

1.Abad, E., Adrados, M. A., Caixach, K., Fabrellas, B. and Rivera, J., “Dioxin Mass Balance in A Municipal Waste Incinerator”, Chemosphere, Vol. 40, pp. 1143-1147, 2000.
2.Alcock, R. E., Gemmill, R. and Jones, K. C., “Improvements to the UK PCDD/F and PCB Atmospheric Emission Inventory Following an Emissions Measurement Programme” Chemosphere, Vol. 38, pp 759-770, 1999.
3.Altwicker, E. and Millgan, M. S., "Formation of Dioxins: Competing Rates between Chemical Similar Precursors and De Novo Reaction", Chemosphere, Vol. 27, pp. 301-307, 1993.
4.Babushok, V. I. and Tsang, W., “Gas-Phase Mechanism for Dioxin Formation”, Chemosphere, Vol. 51, pp 1023-1029, 2003.
5.Ballschmiter, K., Zoller, W., Scholtz, C. and Nottrodt, A., "Destruction of PCDD and PCDF in Bleached Pulp by Chlorine Dioxide Treatment", Chemosphere, Vol. 12, pp. 585-597, 1983.
6.Bonte, J. L., Fritsky, K. J., Plinke, M. A. and Wilken, M. “Catalytic Destruction of PCDD/F in a Fabric Filter: Experience at a Municipal Waste Incinerator in Belgium”, Waste Management, Vol. 22, pp 421-426, 2002.
7.Bueken, A. and Huang, H., “Comparative Evaluation of Techniques for Controlling the Formation and Emission of Chlorinated Dioxins/Furans in Municipal Waste Incineraiton”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 62, pp. 1-33, 1998.
8.Caserini, S. and Monguzzi, A. M., “PCDD/Fs Emissions Inventory in the Lombardy Region: Results and Uncertainties” Chemosphere, Vol.48, pp. 779-786, 2002.
9.Chang, M. B.; Weng, Y. M.; Lee, T. Y.; Chen, Y. W.; Chang, S. H. and Chi, K. H. “Sampling and Analysis of Ambient Dioxins in Northern Taiwan” Chemosphere, 51(10), 1103-1110, 2003.
10.Chang M. B., Chi K. H., Chang, S. H. and Chen, Y. W. “Measurement of PCDD/F Congener Distributions in MWI Stack Gas and Ambient Air in Northern Taiwan” Atmospheric Environment, 38(16), 2535-2544, 2004.
11.Chen, C. M., “The Emission Inventory of PCDD/PCDF in Taiwan” Chemosphere, Vol.54, pp. 1413-1420, 2004.
12.Dickson, L.C., Lenoir, D. and Hutzinger, O., " Surface-Catalyzed Formation of Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans during Incineration", Chemosphere, Vol. 19, pp. 277-282, 1989.
13.EPA-454/R-97-003, Locating and Estimating Air Emission from Sources of Dioxins and Furans, 1997.
14.Everaert, K., Baeyens, J. and Degreve J., “Entrained-Phase Adsorption of PCDD/F from Incinerator Flue Gases”, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 37, pp. 1219-1224, 2003.
15.Grabic, R., Pekarek, V., Ullrich, J., Puncochar, M., Fiserova, E., Karban, J. and Sebestova, M., “Effect of Reaction Time on PCDD and PCDF Formation by De Novo Synthetic Reactions under Oxygen Deficient and Rich Atmosphere”, Chemosphere, Vol. 49, pp. 691-696, 2002.
16.Green, N. J. L.; Lohmann, R. and Jones, K. C., “Seasonal, Anthropogenic, Air Mass, and Meteorological Influences on the Atmospheric Concentrations of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs): Evidence for the Importance of Diffuse Combustion Sources”, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 33, pp. 2864-2871 (1996).
17.Hagenmaier, H., Jraft, M., Brunner, H. and Haag, R., “Catalytic Effect of Fly Ash from Waste Incineration Facilities on the Formation and Decomposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxions and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans”, Environmental Science and Technology., Vol.21, pp.1080-1084, 1987.
18.Japan Ministry of the Environment, “The Environmental Monitoring Report on the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Japan”, 2002.
19.Khachatryan, L., Asatryan, R. and Dellinger., “Development of Expanded and Core Kinetic Models for the Gas Phase Formation of Dioxins from Chlorinated Phenols”, Chemosphere, Vol. 52, pp. 695-708, 2003.
20.Kobayashi, S.; Kitadai, M.; Sameshima, K.; Ishii, Y. and Tanaka, A., “A Theoretical Investigation of the Conformation Changing of Dioxins in the Binding Site of Dioxin Receptor Model; Role of Absolute Hardness–electronegativity Activity Diagrams for Biological Activity”, Journal of Molecular Structure, Vol. 475, Issue: 2-3, pp. 203-217 (1999).
21.Konig, J.; Theisen, J.; Gunther, W. J.; Liebl, K. H. and Buchen, M., ”Ambient Air Levels of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans and Dibenzo(p)dioxins at Different Sites in Hessen “, Chemosphere, Vol. 26, pp. 851-861 (1993).
22.Lippert T., A. Wokaun, A., and D. Lenoir, “Surface Reactions of Brominated Arenes as a Model for the Formation of Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Furans in Incineration Inhibition by Ethanolamine. Environ. Sci. Technol. , Vol. 25, pp. 1409-1414 (1991)
23.Lorber, M.; Pinsky, P.; Gehring, C. and Sovocool, W., “Relationships between Dioxins in Soil, Air, Ash and Emissions from a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Emitting Large Amounts of Dioxin”, Chemosphere, Vol. 37, No.9-12, pp. 2173-2197 (1998).
24.McKay, G., “Dioxin Characterization, Formation and Minimization during Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Incineration: Review”, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 86, pp. 343-368, 2002.
25.Miyata, H. and Takamitsu, S., “Detail Survey of PCDDs, PCDFs and, Non-ortho Coplanar PCBs in Ambient Air at the Northern Area in Osaka, Japan”, Organohalogen Compounds, Vol. 43, pp. 203-208 (1999).
26.Nagano, S., Tamon, H., Adzumi, T., Nakagawa, K. and Suzuki, T., “Activated Carbon from Municipal Waste”, Carbon, Vol. 38, PP. 915–920, (2000).
27.Niu, J., Chen, J., Hemkelmann, B., Quan, Xi., Yang, F., Kettrup, A., and Schramm, K. W., “Photodegradation of PCDD/Fs Adsorbed on Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Needles under Sunlight Irradiation”, Chemosphere, Vol. 50, pp. 1217-1225, 2003.
28.Stieglitz, L., Vogg, H. and Zwick, G., “Thermal Behavior of PCDD/PCDF in Fly Ash from Municipal Incinerators”, Chemosphere, Vol.23, No.8-10, pp.1255-1264, 1991.
29.Tan, P., Hurtado, I. and Neuschutz, D., “Thermodynamic Modeling of PCDD/Fs Formation in Thermal Processes” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 35, pp.1867-1874, 2001.
30. Tuppurainen, K., Asikainan, A., Ruokojarvi, P. and Ruuakanen, J., “Perspectives on the Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans during Municipal Solid Waste(MSW) Incineration and Other Combustion Processes”, Acc. Chem. Res, Vol. 36, pp.652-658, 2003.
31.U. S. EPA, ”Method 1613: Tetra-Through Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope Dilution HRGC/HRMS”, EPA 821-B-94-005 (1994).
32.U. S. EPA, Method 23 Pt. 60, App. A (1992).
33.U. S. EPA, Method 8260A (1995).
34.U. S. EPA, Modified Method 5 (1986).
35.United Nations Environment Programme, “Dioxin and Furan Inventories, National and Regional Emissions of PCDD/PCDF”, May, 1999.
36. USEPA, “Database of Source of Environmental Releases of Dioxin-like Compounds in the United States”, EPA/600/C-01/012, 2001.
37. Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L. and Bosveld, A. T. C. “Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for Humans and Wildlife” Environ Health Perspect, 106(12), 775-792, 1998.
38. Vogg, H., Metzger, M. and Stieglitz., L., “Recent Findings on the Formation and Decomposition of PCDD/PCDF in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration” Waste Management & Research, Vol. 5, pp. 285-294, 1987.
39. Weber. R., Sakurai, T. and Hagenmaier, H., "Low-Temperature Decomposition of PCDD/PCDF, Chlorobenzenes and PAHs by TiO2-Based V2O5-WO3 Catalysts", Applied Catalysis B-Environmental, Vol. 20, pp. 249-256, 1999.
40. Wikstrom, E., Ryan, S., Touati, A., Gullett B. K., “In Situ Formed Soot Deposit as a Carbon Source for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 38, pp.2097-2101, 2004.
41.Wikstrom, E., Ryan, S., Touati, A., Gullett B. K., “Key Parameters for De Novo Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 37, pp.1962-1970, 2003.
42.Xhrouet, C., Nadin, C. and Pauw E. D., “Amines Compounds as Inhibitors of PCDD/Fs De Novo Formation on Sintering Process Fly Ash” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 36, pp.2760-2765, 2002.
43.Yunje, K. and Jaehoon, Y., “ The Study on the Contents of PCDDs/PCDFs in Ambient Air Edible and Human Serum in Korea,“ Organohalogen Compounds, Vol. 43, pp. 167-172 (1999).
44.中小型廢棄物焚化爐煙道排氣戴奧辛檢測計畫(2)，行政院環保署，民國88年。
45.北京市環境保護科學研究院,”大氣污染防治手冊”,上海科學技術出版社,(1996)
46.鄭銚強,” 焚化系統中抑制戴奧辛生成之初步研究”,中央大學環工所碩士論文,(2003)
47.黃鴻期,” 電弧爐煉鋼廠及中小型焚化爐戴奧辛物種分佈探討”,中央大學環工所碩士論文,(2004)

指導教授

張木彬(Moo-Been Chang)

審核日期

2005-7-23

推文