參考文獻 |
吳清吉與賈新興, 1992:海洋大氣邊界層和海洋上層混合層一維偶合模式研究,大氣科
學,20, 363-368.
吳清吉與賈新興, 1998:熱帶西太平洋海-氣通量和一維海洋混合層之模擬,大氣科學,26,
157-178.
Beljaars, A. C. M.,and A. A. M. Holtslag, 1991: Flux parameterization over land
surfaces for atmospheric models. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 27–341.
Businger, J. A., J. C. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, and E. F. Bradley, 1971: Flux-
profile relationships in the atmosphere surface layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 28,
181-189.
Chen, D., L. M. Rothstein and A. J. Busalacchi, 1994: A Hybrid Vertical Mixing
Scheme and Its Application to Tropical Ocean Models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24
(10): 2156-2179.
Fairall, C. W., E. F. Bradley, D. P. Rogers, J. B. Edson, and G. S.Young,
1996a: Bulk parameterization of air–sea fluxes for TOGA COARE. J. Geophys.
Res., 101, 747–3764.
Fairall, C. W., E. F. Bradley, J. S. Godfrey, G. A. Wick, J. B. Edson, and G.
S. Young,1996b: The cool skin and the warm layer in Bulk flux calculations.
J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1295–1308.
Garratt, J.R., 1992: The Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge,316 pp.
Gaspar, Ph., 1988: Modeling the seasonal cycle of the upper ocean. J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 18, 161-180.
Godfrey, J. S., and A. C. M. Beljaars, 1991: On the turbulent fluxes of
buoyancy, heat, and moisture at the air–sea interface at low wind speeds.
J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22 043–22 048.
Gosnell, R., C.W. Fairall, and P.J. Webster, 1995: The sensible heat of
rainfall in the tropical ocean. J. Geophys. Res., submitted.
Grachev, A. A., C. W. Fairall, and E. F. Bradley, 2000: Convective profile
constants revisited. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 94, 495–515.
Liu, W. T., K. B. Katsaros, and J. A. Businger, 1979: Bulk parameterization of
the air–sea exchange of heat and water vapor including the molecular
constraints at the interface. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1722–1735.
Kondo, J., 1975: Air-sea bulk transfer coefficients in diabatic conditions,
Bound. Layer Meteor., 9, 91-112.
Kraus, E.B., and J.S. Turner, 1967: A one-dimensional model of the seasonal
thermocline: II The general theory and its consequences. Tellus., v19, 98-106.
McPhaden, M. J., 1993: TOGA-TAO and the 1991-93 El Nino-Southern Oscillation
Event,Oceanography, vol. 6, No. 2, 36-44.
Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada, 1982: Development of a turbulence closure model
for geophysical fluid problems. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 20
(4), 851-875.
Mellor, G. L., 2001: One-dimensional, ocean surface layer modeling: A problem
and a solution. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 790–809.
Nikuradse. J., 1933: Stromungsgesetze in rauhen Rohren. V.D.I. Forschungsheft.
361, 1–22 pp.
Philander, S. G. H., 1990: El Nino, La Nina, and the Southern Oscillation, 293
pp., Academic,San Diego, Calif.
Price, J. F., R. A. Weller, and R. Pinkel, 1986: Diurnal cycling: Observations
and models of the upper ocean response to diurnal heating, cooling, and wind
mixing. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8411-8427.
Smith, S. D., 1988: Coefficients for sea surface wind stress, heat flux, and
wind profiles as a function of wind speed and temperature. J. Geophys. Res.
93, 15467-15472.
Stull, R. B., 1988: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, Kluwer
Academic Publishers.
Sui, C.-H., X. Li., K.-M. Lau., and D. Adamec, 1997: Multi-scale Air-sea
Interactions During TOGA- COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev. 125, 48-462.
Sverdrup, H.U., M.W. Johnson, and R.H. Fleming, 1942: The Oceans. Prentice-
Hall, Englewood Cliff, NJ, 1087 pp.
Webb, E.K., G.I. Pearman, and R. Leuning, 1980: Correction of flux measurements
for density effects due to heat and water vapour transport. Quart. J. Roy.
Met. Soc., 106, 85-100.
Webster, P. J., and R. Lukas, 1992: TOGA-COARE: The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere
Response Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1377-1416.
Weller, R. A., and S. P. Anderson, 1996: Surface meteorology and air–sea
fluxes in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during the TOGA Couple
Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment. J. Climate., 9, 1959–1990. |