應用通量變異法與渦流相關法推估地表通量

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姓名

袁一夫(Yi-fu Yuan) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

水文與海洋科學研究所

論文名稱

應用通量變異法與渦流相關法推估地表通量
(Applying the flux variance method and the eddy covariance method to estimate surface fluxes)

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摘要(中)

本研究應用渦流相關法與通量變異法來估算南投蓮華池測站的水氣與能量通量，並探討所推估通量的乾、溼季差異。分析渦流相關法之能量平衡，其誤差在可接受範圍，且乾季能量閉合度優於溼季的能量閉合度。應用通量變異法推估地表能量與水氣通量前，需先求得Monin-Obukhov相似性模型之溫度與水氣通用常數，分析結果之乾季通用常數皆大於溼季的通用常數。近一步分析能量與水氣之傳輸效率與大氣穩定度的關係，發現當大氣處於較不穩定狀態時，能量傳輸效率會普遍高於水氣的傳輸效率。最後比較渦流相關法與通量變異法所推估的通量，結果顯示通量變異法所推估的可感熱通量較接近渦流相關法估算的可感熱通量，而潛熱通量的差異則較大，且通量變異法所估算之可感熱通量高於渦流相關法所估算之可感熱通量。

摘要(英)

This study applied the eddy covariance method (ECM) and the flux variance method (FVM) to estimate water vapor and energy fluxes and discussed the differences of fluxes estimated in dry and wet seasons at the Lien-Hua-Chih (LHC) station, Nantou. The energy closure errors of ECM were acceptable and results of dry season were better than those of wet season. The universal constants for the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory should be determined prior to the application of FVM. In this study, the universal constants determined in dry season were greater than those in wet season. Under the condition of unstable atmosphere, heat transport was more efficient than water vapor transport. The discrepancies of sensible heat fluxes estimated by the FVM and the ECM are much smaller than those of latent heat fluxes, which the FVM tends to overestimate latent heat fluxes as compared with those by the ECM.

關鍵字(中)

★ 通量變異法與渦流相關法

關鍵字(英)

★ the flux variance and the eddy covariance method

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝辭 III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究目的 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
2-1 大氣邊界層的分類與特徵 3
2-2 渦流相關法 3
2-3 通量變異法 6
第三章研究方法 12
3-1 能量平衡 12
3-1.1 可感熱通量與潛熱通量 13
3-1.2 淨輻射通量 14
3-1.3 土壤熱通量 15
3-1.4 土壤儲熱 16
3-1.5 空氣儲熱 18
3-1.6 Bowen ratio 18
3-1.7 能量平衡比率 19
3-2 渦流相關法 20
3-2.1 質量守恆 20
3-2.2 渦流相關法估算摩擦速度 24
3-2.3 渦流相關法估算可感熱通量 25
3-2.4 渦流相關法估算潛熱通量 25
3-3 Monin-Obukhov相似性理論 26
3-3.1 相似性模型 28
3-3.2 通用常數 30
3-4 通量變異法 31
第四章實驗場址與資料處理 37
4-1 實驗場址 37
4-2 實驗資料 39
4-3 儀器架設 40
4-4 資料處理 43
4-4.1 消除奇異點 43
4-4.2 消除趨勢性 43
4-4.3 座標軸旋轉 44
4-5 程式計算步驟 46
第五章結果與討論 48
5-1 渦流相關法估算可感熱與潛熱通量 48
5-1.1 能量閉合 48
5-2 通量變異法 55
5-2.1 相似性模型的檢視 55
5-2.2 可感熱通量與潛熱通量之估算 57
5-2.3 蓮華池測站與中大氣象坪之比較 62
5-2.4 乾季通用常數之驗證 62
5-2.5 乾、溼季通用常數之相互驗證與探討 65
5-2.6 乾季可感熱通量之分析 68
5-2.7 溫度與水氣傳輸效率分析 69
5-2.8 溫度對水氣傳輸效率之參數化 74
5-2.9 乾、溼季Bowen ratio 76
5-2.10 利用溫度與水氣傳輸效率之相關性估算潛熱通量 78
第六章結論與建議 81
6-1 結論 81
6-2 建議 82
參考文獻 83

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指導教授

李明旭(Ming-hsu Li)

審核日期

2008-7-22

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