電波與正常星系中的核心灰塵特徵

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：95

、訪客IP：52.15.115.110

姓名

吳思瑩(Szu-Ying Wu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

天文研究所

論文名稱

電波與正常星系中的核心灰塵特徵
(Nuclear Dust Features in Radio and Normal Galaxies)

相關論文

★ 利用紅序列星系團巡天觀測之光度紅位移目錄進行相鄰星系分析	★ 高紅移類星體的艾丁吞吸積率及鮑德溫效應
★ 本地群星系低表面亮度延伸區域的研究	★ 研究類星體的宇宙演化
★ 使用廣視野-窄波段之觀測系統研究本銀河系之超新星爆炸遺骸	★ 活躍星系核宿主星系之多波段光度研究
★ 分析BATC大視野多色巡天計畫中正常星系的質光比

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

我們對一些電波星系做一些統計上的研究，為了瞭解我們可以多常偵測到核心附近的光學噴流、環心的灰塵盤、灰塵帶，或灰塵纖維狀結構。且想進一步找出灰塵的存在是否與它們的無線電波性質之間有關聯。我們總共用了46個距離我們較近的電波星系之哈伯望遠鏡觀測資料，它們皆是含有無線電波噴流，但沒有發表過伴隨著有光學波段噴流的星系。星系模型扣除原影像後，並沒有發現在星系中心附近有任何明顯的光學特徵，然後，在這些星系中，有22個（大約48％）出現了深色類似灰塵盤、灰塵帶、甚至纖維狀結構。有些星系我們已證實前人已發表過，但是仍有一些星系是別人尚未發現過的，像是PKS2152-69這星系。未來進一步的研究將會探討學習之間的物理及核心灰塵和周遭環境之間的關係。

摘要(英)

We have carried out a statistical study of a large sample of radio galaxies in order to
understand how frequently we can detect nuclear optical jets, circum-nuclear dust disks,
dust lanes, or dust filaments, and to further find out what the relationships are between the
existence of dust features and their radio properties. A total of 46 nearby radio galaxies
are selected based on their HST/WFPC2 observations, from which radio jets have been
detected but without known optical jets. Galaxy model subtractions did not reveal any
prominent optical features in or near the nuclei for the sample galaxies. However, among
these galaxies, 22 (48%) reveal dark features such as dust disks, lanes, or even filaments.
In several sample galaxies, we confirm the main morphological results published by previous
authors; while in others, such as in PKS2152-69, we present our new findings of
dust features. We also discuss the dust properties along with their radio properties. Further
study will be conducted in order to learn more about the physics and the relationships
between nuclear dust and the ambient medium.

關鍵字(中)

★ 電波星系
★ 正常星系
★ 灰塵分佈

關鍵字(英)

★ Nuclear Dust Features

論文目次

Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Radio Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Research Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Observations 6
2.1 The Hubble Space Telescope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 The galaxy sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.4 The Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 Data Calibration and Analysis 22
3.1 Standard Pipeline Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.1.1 Bias frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.1.2 Dark frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.1.3 Flat Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.1.4 Cosmic Rays Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.2 Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4 Results 29
4.1 Radio Galaxies with Dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
i
CONTENTS ii
4.1.1 NGC 3557 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.1.2 NGC 4789 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.1.3 NGC 5127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.1.4 NGC 5141 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.1.5 IC 4296 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.1.6 3C 296 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.1.7 NGC 7052 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1.8 3C 449 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1.9 UGC 367 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.1.10 NGC 541 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.1.11 3C 76.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.1.12 3C 270 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.1.13 NGC 315 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.1.14 B2 0915+32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.1.15 NGC 3801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.1.16 NGC 3894 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.1.17 3C 305 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.1.18 NGC 6166 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.1.19 PKS 2152-69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.1.20 NGC 708 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.1.21 NGC 1316 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.1.22 M 84 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.2 Normal Galaxies with Dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.2.1 NGC 2434 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.2.2 NGC 2865 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
CONTENTS iii
4.2.3 NGC 2872 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.2.4 NGC 3078 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.2.5 NGC 4786 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.2.6 NGC 4952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.2.7 NGC 5322 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.2.8 NGC 5845 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.2.9 NGC 3605 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.2.10 NGC 3928 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.2.11 NGC 4283 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.2.12 NGC 4551 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.2.13 NGC 4936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.2.14 NGC 5173 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5 Discussion 55
5.1 The Detection of Dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.2 The Correlations Between Dust and General Properties of Galaxies . . . . 56
5.3 The Orientation of Radio Jets and Dust Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.4 Estimation of Dust Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6 Summary and Future Work 66

參考文獻

Bibliography
[1] Binney, J., & Merri eld, M. 1998, Galactic Astronomy (Princeton Univ. Press,
Chichester)
[2] Birkenshaw, M., & Davies, R.L. 1985, ApJ, 291, 32
[3] Bower, G.A., Heckman, T.M., Wilson, A.S., & Richstone, D.O. 1997, ApJ, 483,
L33
[4] Bower, G.A., et al. 1998, ApJ, 492, L111
[5] Bridle, A.H., Davies, M.M., Fomalont, E.B., Willis, A.G., and Strom, R.G. 1979,
ApJ, 228, L9
[6] Butcher, H.R., van Breugel, W., and Miley, G.K. 1980, ApJ., 235, 749
[7] Capetti, A., & Celotti, A. 1999, MNRAS, 304, 434
[8] Capetti, A., de Ruiter, H.R., Fanti, R., et al. 2000, A&A, 362, 871
[9] Colbert, J.W., Mulchaey, J.S., Zabludoff, A.I., AJ, 2001, 121: 808-819
[10] Colina, L. 1990, AJ.Suppl. 72:41-59
[11] Davies, R.L., & Birkenshaw, M. 1986, ApJ, 303. L45
[12] de Juan, L., Colina, L., & Golombek, D. 1996, A&A, 305, 776
[13] de Koff, S., Baum, S.A., Sparks, W.B., et al. 1996, ApJS, 107, 621
[14] de Koff, S., Best, P., Baum, S.A., Sparks, W., Rottgering, H., Miley, G., Golombek,
D., Macchetto, F., Martel, A. 2000, ApJS, 129:33-59
[15] de Ruiter, H.R., Parma, P., Capetti, A., Fanti, R., Morganti, R. 2002, A&A, 396, 857
[16] Ebneter, K., Balick, B. 1985, AJ, Vol.90, 2
[17] Edge, D.O., Shakeshaft, J.R., McAdam, W.B., Baldwin, J.E., Archer, S. 1959, MNRAS,
68, 37-60
68
BIBLIOGRAPHY 69
[18] Ekers, R.D., Fanti, R., Fanti, C., and Parma, P. 1981, Astr.Ap., 101, 194
[19] Fanaroff, B.L., and Riley, J.M. 1974, MNRAS, 167, 31-36
[20] Fanti, C., Fanti, R., Gioia, I.M., Lari, C., Parma, P. 1977, Astron.Astrophys.Suppl.
29, 279
[21] Fanti, R., Lari, C., Parma, P., Bridle, A.H., Ekers, R.D., and Fomalont, E.B. 1982,
Astr.Ap., 110, 169
[22] Ferrarese, L., Ford, H.C., & Jaffe, W. 1996, ApJ, 470, 444
[23] Ferrari, F., Pastoriza, M.G., Macchetto, F., & Caon, N. 1999, A&AS, 136, 269
[24] Fort, B.P., Prieur, J.-L., Carter, D., Meatheringham, S.J., Vigroux, L. 1986, AJ, 306,
110-121
[25] Garcia, A.M. 1993, A&AS, 100, 47
[26] Gonzalez-Serrano, J.I. et al. 1989, AJ, 338: L29-L32
[27] Goudfrooij, P., Hansen, L., Jorgensen, H.E., &Norgaard-Nielsen, H.V.1997, A&AS,
105, 341
[28] Gower, J.F.R., Scott, P.F., and Wills, D. 1967, MNRAS, 71, 49-144
[29] Hansen, L., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., & Jorgensen, H.E. 1985, A&A, 149, 442
[30] Heckman, T.M., Miley, G.K., Balick, B., van Breugel, W., and Butcher, H.R. 1982,
ApJ., 262, 529
[31] Heckman, T.M., Smith, E.P., Baum, S.A., van Breugel,W., Miley, G.K., Illingworth,
G.D., Bothun, G.D., and Balick, B. 1986, ApJ, 311, 516
[32] Hummel, E., van der Hulst, J.M., Dickey, J.M. 1984, A&A, Vol. 134, 207-221
[33] Jackson, N., Sparks, W.B., Miley, G.K., & Macchetto, F. 1995, A&A, 296, 339
[34] Jaffe, W., Ford, H.C., Ferrarese, L., van den Bosch, F., & O'Connell, R.W. 1993,
Nature, 364, 213
[35] Jedrzejewski, R.I., 1987, MNRAS, 226, 747-768
[36] Jester, S. 2003, NewAR, Vol.47, 427-430
[37] Jones, D.L., Sramek, R.A., & Terzian, Y. 1981, ApJ, 246, 28
[38] Jones, D.L., & Wehrle, A.E. 1997, ApJ, 484, 186
BIBLIOGRAPHY 70
[39] Kembhavi, A.K., & Narlikar, J.V. 1999, Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei (Cambridge
Univ. Press, Cambridge)
[40] Kormendy, J., Bender, R. 1996, ApJ letters, 464, 119
[41] Kotanyi, C.G., and Ekers, R.D. 1979, Astr.Ap., 73, L1
[42] Liang, R.A., & Bridle, A.H. 1987, MNRAS, 228, 557
[43] Liu, F.K., and Zhang, Y.H. 2002, A&A, 381, 757-760
[44] Longair, M.S. 1965, MNRAS, 201, 111
[45] Martel, A.R., Baum, S.A., Sparks, W.B., et al. 1999, ApJS, 122, 81
[46] Nieto, J.-L., McClure, R., Fletcher, J.M., Arnaud, J., Bacon, R., Bender, R., Comte,
G., & Poulain, P. 1990, A&A, 235, L17
[47] Nolthenius, R. 1993, ApJS, 85, 1
[48] Owen, F.N. and Ledlow, M.J. 1994, The First Stromlo Symposium: The Physics
of Active Galaxies, ASP Conference Series, Vol.54, G.V.Bicknell, M.A.Dopita, and
P.J.Quinn, Eds., P.319
[49] Parma, P., de Ruiter, H.R., Fanti, C., and Fanti, R. 1986, Astr.Ap.Suppl., 64, 135
[50] Perley, R.A., Willis, A.G., and Scott, J.S. 1979, Nature, 281, 437
[51] Perlman, E.S., Stocke, J.T., Conway, J.E., Reynolds, C., Begelman, M. 2002,
N.A.R.279
[52] Philip, R.B., D. Keith Robinson, Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical
Sciences, McGraw-Hill Higher Education
[53] Pilkington, J.D.H., Scott, P.F. 1965, MNRAS, 69, 183
[54] Press, W.H., Tenkolsky, S.A., Vetterling, W.T., & Flannery, B.P. 1992, Numerical
Recipes (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge)
[55] Ramella, M., Geller, M., Huchra, J. 1989, AJ, Vol,344, 57-74
[56] Sadler, E.M., & Gerhard, O.E. 1985, MNRAS, 214, 177
[57] Sandage, A. 1966, AJ, 145, 1
[58] Searle, L. 1965, Nature, 207, 1282
BIBLIOGRAPHY 71
[59] Smith, E.P., and Heckman, T.M. 1989, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society,
Vol.21, 777
[60] Sparks, W.B., Baum, S.A., Biretta, J., Macchetto, F.D. 2000, AJ, 542, 667
[61] Steinman-Cameron, T.Y. 1991, in Warped Disks and Inclined Rings around Galaxies,
ed.S.Casertano, P. Sackett, & F., Briggs (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press),
131
[62] Tomita, A., Aoki, K., Watanabe, M., Takata, T., & Ichikawa, S. 2000, AJ, 120, 123
[63] Tran, H.D., Tsvetanov, Z., Ford, H.C., Davies, J.2001, AJ, 121:2928
[64] van der Marel, R.P., van den Bosch, F.C., 1998, AJ, 116, 2220
[65] van Dokkum, P.G., and Franx, M. 1995, AJ, Vol.110, 5
[66] Verdoes Kleijn, G.A., Baum, S.A., de Zeeuw, P.T., & O'Dea, C.P. 1999, AJ, 118,
2592
[67] V'eron-Cetty, M.-P/. & V'eron, P. 1988, A&A, 204, 28
[68] Wade, C.M. 1960b, Pub.N.R.A.O.1, 6
[69] WFPC2 instrument handbook
[70] Xu, C., et al. 1999a, in preparation
[71] Zwicky, F., Herzog, E., Wild, P., Karpowica, M., & Kowel, C.T. 1961-1968, Catalogue
of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies (Pasadena: CIT)

指導教授

孫維新(Wei-Hsin Sun)

審核日期

2004-7-1

推文