台灣白粉菌分類

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：142

、訪客IP：18.220.78.7

姓名

柳韋安(Wei-An Liu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

生命科學系

論文名稱

台灣白粉菌分類
(Classification of powdery mildews in Taiwan)

相關論文

★ 有益微生物的真菌學和細菌學研究：在農業和人類健康中的應用	★ 台灣海邊耐鹽植物濱刺草之內生真菌
★ Fungi on leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.	★ 北台灣腐生絲孢菌綱之採集與描述
★ 結合依賴培養法、不依賴培養法與伺機採集之方法研究台灣沿海植物濱刺草之內生與非內生真菌	★ 仙草的可培養性內生真菌之多樣性
★ Selected fungicolous Hypocreales in northern Taiwan	★ Fungi on banana in northern Taiwan
★ 野生植物的白粉菌鑑定在北台灣	★ 台灣海岸植物之內生真菌多樣性研究
★ Classification of powdery mildews on ornamental plants in northern Taiwan	★ Brevibacterium sp. TX4 與 Pseudomonas nitroreducens TX1 異化辛基苯酚聚氧乙基醇及其代謝物之生物分解途徑研究
★ 多種方法鑑定皮膚和指甲上真菌多樣性於台灣北部	★ 藉由從環境中分離的真菌進行內分泌干擾物辛基酚之生物降解與其預測之代謝途徑
★ 台灣沉香樹相關的內生菌

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)

摘要(中)

台灣白粉菌分類

Classification of powdery mildews in Taiwan
柳韋安
指導教授: 羅南德博士

摘要

白粉菌是世界上最常見的植物病原真菌之一。感染近10000種的被子植物，病斑會出現在葉、莖、花和果實，受到感染的植物葉片通常會扭曲或泛黃凋落。在型態鑑定上當寄主和白粉菌的有性世代型態是已知的情況下，通常就能比較容易鑑定種類，但目前台灣發現的白粉菌多數是無性世代所以必需利用ITS rDNA序列做進一步的分子鑑定才能更明確的鑑定物種。實驗進行到目前為止我們收集了超過53種白粉菌的樣品，來自43以上種不同寄主植物，樣品鑑定出五個屬16個不同種類的白粉菌，當中發現了一個可能是新種的白粉菌 (Golovinomyces sp. on Artemisia cf. indica)，新的同物異名(E. cinnamomi = E. quercicola)，四個台灣新紀錄(Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum, Golovinomyces artemisiae, G. spadiceus, Sawadaea cf. polyfida)，，兩個白粉菌宿主新紀錄(Cleome rytidosperma, Torenia fournieri)，及白粉菌種類方面的宿主新紀錄 (Murraya paniculata as new host of E. quercicola, Ambrosia artemisiifolia as new host of G. spadiceus)，過去Erysiphe necator 只有在Vitaceae,發現，但是本研究也在Ipomoea hederacea 和 Ipomoea triloba發現到，以及世界第一次同時在樟樹和越橘兩個不同屬的植物上發現Erysiphe quercicola。也發現一些無法用ITS序列及無性世代型態區分的白粉病，過程中也觀察到昆蟲和白粉菌之間的有趣現象，像是斜?夜蛾的幼蟲吃白粉菌，也首次發現Illeis koebelei這個種類的瓢蟲以Fibroidium abelmoschi, Ovulariopsis broussonetiae-papyriferae, Phyllactinia cassiae-fistulae白粉菌為食。

摘要(英)

Classification of powdery mildews in Taiwan

Wei-An Liu
Adviser: Dr. Roland Kirschner

Abstract

Powdery mildews (Ascomycota, Erysiphales) are some of the world’s most frequently encountered plant pathogenic fungi. They infect leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits of nearly 10,000 species of angiosperms. Among the economically important plants they infect are grapes, fruit trees, wheat, and many ornamentals. If host and teleomorph are known, species usually can be identified easily by morphology. In Taiwan, Erysiphales are mostly found as anamorphs which are more difficult to be identified morphologically. In this study, we collected more than 53 specimens of anamorphic Erysiphales on 43 host plants, comprising 16 species of Powdery Mildews with relationship to five teleomorph genera (Erysiphe, Golovinomyces, Phyllactinia, Podosphaera, Sawadaea), including one possibly new species (Golovinomyces sp. on Artemisia cf. indica),a new synonym (E. cinnamomi = E. quercicola), four new records for Taiwan (Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum, Golovinomyces artemisiae, G. spadiceus, Sawadaea cf. polyfida), two new hosts records of any powdery mildew (Cleome rytidosperma, Torenia fournieri), and two new host records of certain species of powdery mildew (Murraya paniculata as new host of E. quercicola, Ambrosia artemisiifolia as new host of G. spadiceus). Erysiphe necator, hitherto known only on Vitaceae, was also found on Ipomoea hederacea and Ipomoea triloba. The synonymy of Ovulariopsis broussonetiae-papyriferae with Phyllactinia broussonetiae-kaempferi is rejected. Momordica charantia (bitter gourd)) is recorded as host of Podosphaera xanthii in Taiwan for the first time. The specimens were described with text and drawing. Altogether 30 DNA sequences were obtained from the specimens. For the first time, larvae of a moth (Spodoptera litura) were found feeding on a powdery mildew. For the first time, larvae of a moth (Spodoptera litura) were found feeding on a powdery mildew. The ladybug Illeis koebelei was first found feeding on Fibroidium abelmoschi, on Ovulariopsis broussonetiae-papyriferae, Phyllactinia cassiae-fistulae and Podosphaera xanthii on Helianthus annuus.

關鍵字(中)

★ 白粉菌
★ 植物病理
★ 真菌

關鍵字(英)

★ Powdery mildews
★ Plant diseases
★ Fungi

論文目次

Contents

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
Contents iv
Figures vii
Tables ix
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Life cycle 1
1.2 The order Erysiphales 2
1.3 History of ressarch about Erysiphales in Taiwan 3
1.5 Aims 5
2. Materials and Methods 7
2.1 Field collection 7
2.2 Preservation of fungal specimen 7
2.3 DNA isolation 7
2.3.1 Tissue Dissociation 8
2.3.2 Lysis 8
2.3.3 DNA Binding 8
2.3.4 Wash 9
2.3.5 DNA Elution 9
2.4 PCR 9
2.4.1 Material 9
2.4.2 Protocol for PCR 10
2.5 Agarose gel electrophoresis 11
2.6 Purification of PCR products 11
2.6.1 Processing PCR Amplifications 11
2.6.2 Binding of DNA 11
2.6.3 Washing 11
2.6.4 Elution 12
2.7 DNA sequencing 12
2.8 Identification 12
2.8.1 Morphological identification 12
2.8.2 Molecular identification 12
2.9 Phylogenetic analysis 13
2.10 Observations on insects 13
3. Results 14
3.1 General results 14
3.1.1 Erysiphe aquilegiae DC. on Carica papaya L. 15
3.1.2 Erysiphe cf. begoniae R.Y. Zheng & G.Q. Chen on Begonia formosana (Hayata) Masam. 16
3.1.3 Erysiphe cf. begoniae R.Y. Zheng & G.Q. Chen on Begonia rex hybrid. 17
3.1.4 Erysiphe izuensis (Y. Nomura) U. Braun & S. Takam. on Rhododendron mucronatum (Blume) G. Don. 18
3.1.5 Erysiphe necator Schwein. on Ipomoea triloba L. 19
3.1.6 Erysiphe necator Schwein. on Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. 21
3.1.7 Erysiphe quercicola S. Takam. & U. Braun on Cinnamomum camphor≡Oidium cinnamomi (J.M. Yen) U. Braun 22
3.1.8 Erysiphe quercicola S. Takam. & U. Braun on Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. 23
3.1.9 Fibroidium abelmoschi (Thum.) U. Braun & Cook on Hibiscus esculentus L. 25
3.1.10 Golovinomyces artemisiae (Grev.) Heluta on Artemisia cf. indica Willd. 27
3.1.11 Golovinomyces sp. on Artemisia cf. indica Willd. 28
3.1.12 Golovinomyces spadiceus (Schwein) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook on Ambrosia artemisiifolia. 29
3.1.13 Podosphaera sp. on Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski. 31
3.1.14 Podosphaera sp. on Torenia fournieri Linden ex E. Fourn. (Linderniaceae) 32
3.1.15 Podosphaera sp. on Cleome rutidosperma DC. 33
3.1.16 Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun & Shishkoff, on Momordica charantia L. 34
3.1.17 Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun & Shishkoff on Helianthus annuus L. 35
3.1.18 Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum (Hosag. & U. Braun) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook on Bauhinia variegata L. 36
3.1.19 Pseudoidium hortensiae (Jorst.) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook on Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Seringe. 38
3.1.20 Pseudoidium sp. on Liquidambar formosana Hance. 39
3.1.21 Pseudoidium sp. on Pellionia radicans (Siebold & Zuccarini) Weddell in Candolle. 40
3.1.22 Pseudoidium sp. on Elatostema sp. 41
3.1.23 Sawadaea cf. polyfida (C.T. Wei) R.Y. Zheng & G.Q. Chen on Acer palmatum Thunb. 42
3.2. Observations on insects 43
4. Discussion 44
4.1 Asexual versus sexual stage 44
4.2 Species identification 44
4.2.1 Vital taxonomy 44
4.2.2 Microscopical characteristics 45
4.3 Host range 46
4.4 Observations on insects 47
5. References 49
6. Appendices 91

Figures
1. Erysiphe aquilegiae DC. on Carica papaya L 55
2. Erysiphe cf. begoniae R.Y. Zheng & G.Q. Chen on Begonia formosana (Hayata) Masam…………………………………………………………………………. 56
3. Erysiphe cf. begoniae R.Y. Zheng & G.Q. Chen on Begonia rex hybrid……….. 57
4. Erysiphe izuensis (Y. Nomura) U. Braun & S. Takam. on Rhododendron mucronatum (Blume) G. Don 58
5. Erysiphe necator Schwein. on Ipomoea hederacea Jacq 59
6. Erysiphe necator Schwein. on Ipomoea triloba L 60
7. Erysiphe quercicola S. Takam. & U. Braun on Cinnamomum camphora ≡ Oidium cinnamomi (J.M. Yen) U. Braun 61
8. Erysiphe quercicola S. Takam. & U. Braun on Murraya paniculata(L.) Jack 62
9. Fibroidium abelmoschi (Thun.) U. Braun & Cook on Hibiscus esculentus L. 63
10. Golovinomyces artemisiae (Grev.) Heluta on Artemisia cf. indica Willd 64
11. Golovinomyces sp. on Artemisia cf. indica Willd 65
12. Golovinomyces spadiceus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook on Ambrosia artemisiifolia 66
13. Podosphaera sp. on Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski 67
14. Podosphaera sp. on Torenia fournieri Linden ex E. Fourn. (Linderniaceae) 68
15. Podosphaera sp. on Cleome rutidosperma DC 69
16. Podosphaera xanthii.on Momordica charantia L. 70
17. Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun & Shishkoff on Helianthus annuus L. .71
18. Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum (Hosag. & U. Braun) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook on Bauhinia variegata L. 72
19. Pseudoidium hortensiae (Jorst.) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook on Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Seringe 73
20. Pseudoidium sp. on Elatostema sp. 74
21. Pseudoidium sp. on Liquidambar formosana Hance 75
22. Pseudoidium sp. on Pellionia radicans (Siebold & Zuccarini) Weddell in Candolle 76
23. Sawadaea cf. polyfida (C.T. Wei) R.Y. Zheng & G.Q. Chen, Acta microbiol. Sin. on Acer palmatum Thunb 77
24. Illeis koebelei Timberlake (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) 78
25. Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) 79
26. Analysis of ITS sequences of Phyllactinia/Ovulariopsis species on mulberry (Morus) and paper mulberry (Broussonetia) species (Moraceae) with their respective GenBank accession numbers…… 80

?
Tables
1. Comparison of morphological characteristics of Erysiphe diffusa, Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum, and LWA17A (Pseudoidium caesalpiniacearum)………….81
2. Comparison of morphological characteristics of Erysiphe begonia, E. begoniae?, Erysiphe begoniicola, Pseudoidium hortensiae, LWA51A (Erysiphe begoniae on Begonia formosana ), LWA45A (Erysiphe begoniae on Begonias rex..………....82
3. Comparison of morphological characteristics of Sawadaea bicornis, Sawadaea kovaliana, Sawadaea nankinensis, Sawadaea negundinis, Sawadaea polyfida, Sawadaea tulasnei, Roki 3961（Sawadaea cf. polyfida）……………………..…..83
4. Specimen Information………………………………………………………...…..84
5. DNA identification………………………………………………………...……...87

參考文獻

5. References
Baiswar, P., Chandra, S., Kumar, R., Ngachan, S. V. 2010. Powdery mildew on Rudbeckia hirta in India. Plant Pathology 59: 408.
Bolay, A. 2005. Les oidiums de Suisse (Erysiphacees). Cryptogamica Helvetica 20: 1–176.
Braun, U. 1987. A monograph of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews). Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 89: 1–700.
Braun, U. 1995. The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. G. Fischer Verlag, Jena.
Braun, U. 1998. Neufunde Echter Mehltaupilze (Erysiphales) aus der BR Deutschland. Schlechtendalia 1: 31–40.
Braun, U. & Cook, R. T. A. 2012. Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews). CBS Biodiversity Series 11, Utrecht, 707 pp.
Braun, U. & Takamatsu, S. 2000. Phylogeny of Erysiphe, Microsphaera, Uncinula (Erysipheae) and Cystotheca, Podosphaera, Sphaerotheca (Cystotheceae) inferred from rDNA ITS sequences: some taxonomic consequences. Schlechtendalia 4: 1–33.
Braun, U., Ale-Agha, N., Bolay, A., Boyle, H., Brielmaier-Liebetanz, U., Emgenbroich, D., Kruse, J. & Kummer, V. 2009. New records of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae). Schlechtendalia 19: 39–46.
Chang, T.-T., Hsieh, H.-J., Chang, R.-J. & Fu, C.-S. 1999. Common tree diseases in Taiwan. Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (in Chinese).
Chen, G. Q., Han, S. J., Lai, Y. Q., Yu, Y. N., Zheng, R. Y. & Zhao, Z. Y. 1987. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum, Vol. 1, Erysiphales. Beijing: Science. Press, 552 pp (in Chinese).
Chen, Y. C. 2002. Powdery mildew of vegetable soybean in Taiwan. Plant Pathol. Bull. 12: 209-211. (in Chinese).
Cheng, C. W., Chen, R. S., Chang, W. H. & Tsay, J. G. 2006. The occurrence of powdery mildew on Physalis angulata caused by Podosphaera xanthii. Plant Prot. Bull. 48: 41–51. (in Chinese).
Delhey, R., Braun, U. & Kiehr, M. 2003. Some new records of powdery mildew fungi from Argentina (2). Schlechtendalia 10: 79–90.
Fu, C.-H., Hsieh, H.-J., Chen, L.-C. & Hu, B.-Y. 2004. Protection of common Jasmin Orange (Murraya paniculata) from powdery mildew with BTH, the plant protection activator acibenzolar-S-methyl. Journ. Exp. For. Nat. Taiwan Univ. 19: 321–327 (in Chinese).
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T. D. 1993 ITS Primers with enhanced specifity for Basidiomycetes: application to identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol. Ecol. 2: 113–118.
Glawe, D. A. 2008. The powdery mildews: A review of the world’s most familiar (yet poorly known) plant pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 46: 27–51.
Hanlin, R. T. & Tortolero, O. 1984. An unusual tropical powdery mildew. Mycologia 76(3): 439–442.
Hawksworth, D.L.1990. The fungal dimension of biodiversity: magnitude, significance, and conservation. Mycol. Res.95: 641–655.
Hawksworth, D.L.2001. The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1±5 million species estimate revisited Mycol. Res. 105(12): 1422–1432.
Heluta, V. P. 1992. Gipoteza pro pokhodzhennya ta migrazii grabiv poryadku Erysiphales. Ukrayin ’kyi Botanichnyi Zhurnal 49(2): 5–14.
Hsieh, H.-J., Tzean, S. S., Fu, C.-X., Hu, B.-Y. & Xiao, Q.-H. 2002. Colored illustration guide of common forest diseases in Taiwan II. Council of Agriculture Executive Yuan, Forestry Bureau and Mycological Society of Republic of China, Taipei (in Chinese).
Jankovics, T., Bai Y., Kovacs G. M., Bardin, M., Nicot P. C., Toyoda, H., Matsuda, Y., Niks, R. E., & Kiss, L. 2008 Oidium neolycopersici: intraspecific variability inferred from amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and relationship with closely related powdery mildew fungi infecting various plant species. Phytopathology 98(5):529–40. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO–98–5–0529.
Kandagal, A. S. & Khetagoudar, M. C. 2013. Study on larvicidal activity of weed extracts against Spodoptera litura. Journal of Environmental Biology, Vol. 34, 253-257.
Kawakami, T. 1904. On the late blight disease of Cyperus malaccensis in Taiwan. Shokado, Publ. Co. Ltd., Japan.
Kirschner, R. 2010. First record of Erysiphe magnifica on lotus, a host outside the Magnoliales. Mycological Progress 9: 417–424. DOI. 10.1007/s11557-009-0651-z.
Kirschner, R. 2011. Observations on Erysiphe platani in Germany. Plant Pathology & Quarantine 1(2): 115–119.
Kirschner, R. & Chen, C.-J. 2008. The Ovulariopsis anamorph of Phyllactinia bauhiniae var. cassiae: first record outside India and morphological characterization. Sydowia 60: 57–67.
Kirschner, R. & Liu, W.-A. 2014. Two new hosts of anamorphic Erysiphe
quercicola: Cinnamomum camphora and Murraya paniculata. Mycoscience
55:190-195.
Kiss, L. 2003. A review of fungal antagonists of powdery mildews and their potential as biocontrol agents. Pest Manag Sci 59: 475–483.
Kreisel, H. & Scholler, M. 1994. Chronology of phytoparasitic fungi introduced to Germany and adjacent countries. Bot. Acta 107: 387–92.
Kuo, K. 1998. Checklist of Erysiphaceae from Taiwan. Fungal Science 13: 39–59.
Leu, L.-S. & Kuo, K.-C. 1988. Studies on holomorph of powdery mildews from Taiwan (II). National Science Council of Taiwan, Taipei.
Liberato, J. R. & Cunnington, J. H. 2006. First record of Erysiphe aquilegiae on a host outside the Ranunculaceae. Australasian Plant Pathology 35: 291292.
Limkaisang, S., Cunnington, J. H., Liew, K. W., Salleh, B., Sato, Y., Divarangkoon, R., Fangfuk, W., To-anun, C. & Takamatsu, S. 2006. Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal close relationship of powdery mildew fungi on some tropical trees with Erysiphe alphitoides, an oak powdery mildew. Mycoscience 47: 327–335.
Lin, Y. C. & Yu, G. Y. 2012. Illustrated guidebook to ladybugs. Morning Star Publ. Taichung Taiwan 394 pp.
Nomura, Y. 1997. Taxonomical Study of Erysiphaceae of Japan. Yokendo, Tokyo.
Park, M. J., Cho, S. E., and Park, J. H.,. Lee, S. K. & Shin, H. D. 2012. First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Oidium hortensiae on Mophead Hydrangea in Korea. Plant Disease 96: 1,072.1–1,072.1
Peros, J.-P., Troulet, C., Guerriero, M., Michel-Romiti, C. & Notteghem, J.-L. 2005. Genetic Variation and Population Structure of the Grape Powdery Mildew Fungus, Erysiphe necator, in Southern France. European Journal of Plant Pathology 113: 407–416.
Piepenbring, M., Hofmann, T.A., Kirschner, R., Mangelsdorff, R., Perdomo, O., Rodriguez Justavino, D. & Trampe, T. 2011. Diversity patterns of neotropical plant parasitic microfungi. Ecotropica 17: 27-40.
Rodriguez-Alvarado, G., Soto-Plancarte, A., Fernandez-Pavia, S. P., Betancourt-Resendes, I. & Braun, U. 2012. Identity of powdery mildew on Senna in Mexico. Plant Pathology & Quarantine 2: 3742.
Saenz, G. S. & Taylor, J. W. 1999. Phylogeny of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews) inferred from internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequences. Can J Bot 77: 150168.
Sawada, K. 1919. Descriptive Catalogue of Formosan Fungi 1. Report of the Department of Agriculture Government Research Institute Formosa 19: 1–695 (in Japanese).
Sawada K. 1930. On the systematic investigation of Phyllactinia in Formosa. Report of the Department of Agriculture Government Research Institute Formosa 49: 1–95. (in Japanese).
Sawada, K. 1933. Descriptive Catalogue of Formosan Fungi 6. Report of the Department of Agriculture Government Research Institute of Formosa 61: 1–117. (in Japanese).
Sawada, K. 1959. Special Publication of the College of Agriculture, National Taiwan University 8: 1–268, 12 plates.
Sutherland, A. M. & Parella, M. P. 2009. Mycophagy in Coccinellidae: Review and synthesis. Biological Control 51: 284–293.
Takamatsu, S. 2004. Phylogeny and evolution of the powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycoscience 45: 147–157.
Takamatsu, S. & Kano, Y. 2001. PCR primers useful for nucleotide sequencing of rDNA of the powdery mildew fungi. Mycoscience 42: 135–139.
Takamatsu, S., Heluta, V., Havrylenko, M. & Divarangkoon, R. 2009. Four powdery mildew species with catenate conidia infect Galium: molecular and morphological evidence. Mycol. Res. 113: 117–129. doi: 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.09.006. Epub 2008 Oct 2.
Takamatsu, S., Hirata, T., Sato, Y. 1998. Phylogenetic analysis and predicted secondary structures of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers of the powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae). Mycoscience 39:441–453.
Takamatsu, S., Hirata, T, Sato, Y. & Nomura, Y. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships of Microsphaera and Erysiphe section Erysiphe (powdery mildews) inferred from the rDNA ITS sequences. Mycoscience 40: 259–268.
Takamatsu, S., Braun, U., Limkaisang, S., Kom-Un, S., Sato, Y. & Cunnington, J. 2007. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the oak powdery mildew Erysiphe alphitoides sensu lato. Mycological research 111: 809–826.
Takamatsu, S., Matsuda, S. & Grigaliunaite, B. 2013. Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus Golovinomyces (Ascomycota: Erysiphales) reveals close evolutionary relationships with its host plants. Mycologia. 105(5): 1135–1152. doi: 10.3852/13-046. Epub 2013 May 25.
Takamatsu, S., Niinomi, S., Harada, M. & Havrylenko, M. 2010. Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal a close evolutionary relationship between Podosphaera (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae) and its rosaceous hosts. Persoonia 24: 38–48. doi: 10.3767/003158510X494596.
Takeuchi, M., Sasaki, Y., Sato, C., Iwakuma, S., Isozaki, A. & Tamura, M. 2000. Seasonal host utilization of mycophagous ladybird Illeis koebelei (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 44: 89–94.
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., & Kumar, S. 2011 MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maxinmum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony methods. Moleculer Biology and Evolution 28(10): 2731–2739
Tsay, J.-G., Chen, R.-S., Wang, H.-L., Wang, W.-L. & Weng, B.-C. 2011. First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe diffusa, Oidium neolycopersici, and Podosphaera xanthii on Papaya in Taiwan. Plant Disease 95: 1188.
Vagi, P, Kovacs, G. M. & Kiss, L. 2007. Host range expansion in a powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces sp. infecting Arabidopsis thaliana: Torenia fournieri as a new host. European Journal of Plant Pathology 117: 89–93.
Voytyuk, S.O., Heluta, V.P. & Wasser, S. P. 2009. Biodiversity of the powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) of Israel. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell, Liechtenstein.
Walker, J. 1983. Pacific mycogeography: deficiencies and irregularities in the distribution of plant parasitic fungi. Australian Journal of Botany, Suppl. Ser., 10: 89-136.
Wu, S. H., Hsieh, C. F., Chaw, S. M. & Rejmanek, M. 2004. Plant invasions in Taiwan: Insights from the flora of casual and naturalized alien species. Diversity and Distributions 10: 349–362.
Weis, M., Yang, Z. L. & Oberwinkler, F. 1998 Molecular phylogenetic studies in the genus Amanita. Can. J. Bot. 76: 1170–1179.
White, T. J., Bruns, T. D., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. 1990 Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosmal RNA genes for phylogenetices. In: Innis, M. A., Gelfand, D. H., Sninsky, J. J. & White, T. J. Eds. PCR protocols, a guide to methods and applications. San Diego, California: Academic Press. 315–322.
Yarwood, C. A. & Gardner, M. W. 1970. Leaf Surface and leaf hairs affect length of conidiophores of Erysiphaceae. Mycologia 62: 707–713.
Yen, J. M. 1966. Etude sur les champignons parasites du Sud-Est asiatique. V: Note sur quelques especes d’Oidium de Malaisie. Revue Mycologie 31: 281–316.
Yen, J. M. 1967. Quelques especes d’Oidium de Formose. Cahiers du Pacifique 10: 75–116.
Yen, J. M. & Wang C. C. “1972” 1973. Etude sur les champignons parasites du Sud-Est asiatique XXII: Les Oidium de Formose (II). Revue Mycologe (Paris) 37 (3): 125–153.
Zopf, W. 1887. Ueber einen neuen Inhaltskoerper in pflanzlichen Zellen. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 5: 275–280?

指導教授

羅南德(Roland Kirschner)

審核日期

2014-6-23

推文