以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：89

、訪客IP：3.17.187.35

姓名	戴吉莉(Gerelmaa)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	大氣物理研究所
論文名稱	亞洲地區氣膠特徵的衛星遙測 (SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING OF AEROSOL CHARACTERISTICS OEVR ASIAN REGION)
相關論文	★ 應用SSM/I衛星資料於西太平洋颱風特性之分析 ★ 應用衛星資料於熱帶氣旋之環境場分析 ★ 衛星資料反演海氣參數及其在梅雨期海上中尺度對流系統生成發展之應用 ★ 應用SSM/I衛星資料分析桃芝與納莉颱風之降雨及海氣參數的變化 ★ 利用Spot 4衛星的Vegetation資料比較NDVI, ARVI, 及AFRI植被指數與氣溶膠厚度之關係 ★ 應用衛星資料分析颱風降雨與颱風強度變化之關係 ★ 應用SSM/I衛星資料於颱風中心定位及最大風速估算 ★ 應用衛星資料分析海氣參數與颱風強度變化之關係 ★ MODIS在生質燃燒監測之應用研究 ★ 應用SSM/I衛星觀測資料估算颱風定量降水 ★ AMSU衛星資料反演大氣溫濕剖面及其在颱風強度估算上之應用 ★ 利用HHT之EMD方法分析SSM/I資料估算之客觀指數與颱風強度年際變化關係 ★ 模式和SSM/I客觀潛力指數在中尺度對流系統預報上之應用 ★ SSM/I衛星資料估算之客觀潛力指數與颱風強度變化之關係 ★ 應用SSM/I衛星資料分析颱風形成之激發機制 ★ 衛星資料估算颱風旋轉及強度變化在熱帶氣旋定量降雨預測之研究
檔案	[Endnote RIS 格式]    [Bibtex 格式]    [相關文章]   [文章引用]   [完整記錄]   [館藏目錄]   [檢視]  [下載] 本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。 已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。 請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。
摘要(中)	本論文聚焦於應用衛星遙測技術探討亞洲地區氣膠特徵。本研究分析2002至2009年間搭載於Aqua與Terra衛星上的中級解析度成像分光輻射度計(MODIS)所收集到的氣膠光學厚度資料，而地面氣膠監測網 (AERONET)觀測資料則用於驗證MODIS所得氣膠光學厚度，由MODIS 與AERONET所得之Angstrom指數與細微粒氣膠比例等資料則用之探討氣膠粒子的大小、類型與可能來源。另外，美國國家環境預測中心及國家大氣研究中心 (NCEP-NCAR)的再分析資料及全球降雨氣候中心 (GPCC) 資料則用於獲取研究區域的氣候參數。 本研究詳細分析氣膠光學厚度與Angstrom指數間的相關性，以驗證MODIS資料與16個AERONET測站資料所反演之結果，也分析MODIS與AERONET在不同季節的相關性，以瞭解不同氣膠類型在不同季節下此兩種觀測系統的差異。結果顯示：MODIS與AERONET的氣膠光學厚度具很高相關性(> 0.9)，然而其對應的Angstrom指數則相關性不佳，若只考慮氣膠光學厚度值> 0.5的Angstrom指數部份，則有較佳相關性。 本文進一步探討亞洲地區氣膠的持久源區，研究方法是將多年的氣膠光學厚度分佈圖就不同季節加以平均，即能顯現出主要的氣膠源區，而氣膠傳輸路徑地區或較短期的氣膠源區則會被平均掉。結果揭露出四個主要氣膠源區：(1)中國北部及西北部，及蒙古南部， (2)中國東部，(3)印度半島東北部，及(4)泰國、越南及印尼等三國部份區域。本研究並分析氣膠源區內的平均氣膠光學厚度隨季節的趨勢變化，以及與氣象參數變化的關係。結果顯示源區氣膠的生成排放於觀測資料期間有增加的趨勢。 為瞭解這些主要氣膠源區對周圍地區的影響，本研究選取北京、釜山、大阪，台北、泰國莫拉限市、越南北江市做為試區，進行氣膠觀測資料的詳細分析。分析項目包括氣膠光學厚度的日變化、月變化、季變化及年際變化，以及與NCEP-NCAR及GPCC氣象參數間的變化關係；並分析Angstrom指數與細微粒氣膠比例等值以探討氣膠粒子大小與類型特徵；及分析季節風型態以瞭解氣膠粒子從氣膠源區傳輸到試區測站的過程。研究結果顯示：當北京的日平均氣膠光學厚度>2.0時有最大的氣膠濃度。所選取的城市中，釜山及台北兩地在大部份季節裡有最小的氣膠光學厚度，其值小於0.5。莫拉限與北江兩地的氣膠光學厚度詳細特徵則是首次被探討。北京、大阪、釜山等地於春季沙塵佔氣膠成份較重要，某種程度上北江市也是如此，然而對所有選取城市而言夏季與春季期間人為污染及生質燃燒等都是貢獻氣膠的來源之一。另外，前述中國北部、西北部、及蒙古南部氣膠源區氣膠光學厚度的增加趨勢似乎也是造成大阪、釜山、北京等地氣膠光學厚度昇高之原因。
摘要(英)	This thesis focusses on investigating the aerosol characteristics over Asian region using satellite remote sensing. Seven years of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) product from MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Aqua and Terra satellites during the years 2002-2008 are analyzed for the study. Ground observations of aerosol robotic network (AERONET) at different stations within the study area are used to validate the MODIS AOT. Angstrom exponent (AE), and fine mode fraction (FMF) from MODIS and AERONET are used to discuss the size, type and possible sources of the particles. National Center for Environmental Prediction, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) reanalysis data and Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) data are used to obtain the meteorological parameters over the study area. A detailed correlation analysis of AOT and AE has been carried out to validate the MODIS data using corresponding AERONET measurements over 16 selected stations. Behavior of the MODIS-AERONET correlation in different seasons is investigated to understand the response of the two measurements for varying aerosol types. The results indicate very high (> 0.9) correlation of AOT between MODIS and AERONET, while the corresponding AE correlation is poor, but seems to improve if only those data points with corresponding AOT > 0.5 are considered. Further analysis is carried out to examine permanent aerosol source regions over Asia. The methodology involves taking average AOT map during the years over the region in different seasons, in which the permanent source regions will appear pronounced whereas the locations influenced by transport or any emissions that last shorter time period will be smoothened. The results reveal four main such source regions: (1) the region at North and North-West of China and South of Mongolia, (2) Eastern part of China, (3) North-East of Indian continent, and (4) Parts of Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia. The average AOT trends over the source regions in the years are examined in different seasons together with the corresponding variations of meteorological parameters and the results suggest an increase in the emissions. In order to understand how the permanent source regions influence the surrounding locations, the aerosol properties selected East Asian stations of Beijing, Gosan, Osaka, Taipei, Mukdahan, and Bac-Gaing are further investigated in detail. The daily, monthly, seasonal, and inter-annual variations of the AOT are described along with meteorological parameters from NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and GPCC data. AE and FMF from MODIS and AERONET are used to discuss the size, type of particles. Seasonal wind pattern are used to understand the transport of particles from the source regions to the chosen stations. The results suggest that maximum aerosol loading occur over Beijing with daily mean AOT reaching above 2.0. Gosan and Taipei are among the stations having smallest AOT in most of the seasons with values below 0.5. The detail analysis of the AOT characteristics over Mukdahan, and Bac-Giang are reported for the first time. Dust influence appears to be significant over Beijing, Osaka, as well as Gosan, and to a lesser extent over Bac-Giang in the spring, while pollution, bio-mass burning, etc. contribute in the summer and spring over all the stations. The increasing AOT trend over the permanent source region (1) mentioned above seems to result in the observed increase of AOT trend over Osaka and Gosan, and also over Beijing.
關鍵字(中)		關鍵字(英)	★ Aerosol ★ Dust and pollution ★ Remote Sensing of environment ★ MODIS ★ Pollution transport ★ Aerosol sources
論文目次	Abstract (Chinese) i Abstract (English) iii Acknowledgments v List of Figures ix List of Tables xiii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Aerosols 1 1.2 Sources and Characteristics 2 1.3 Significance 8 1.4 Scope of the Current Research 10 2. Aerosol Measurement 13 2.1 Measuring Aerosols 13 2.2 Advantages and Challenges in Satellite Remote Sensing of Aerosols 15 2.3 Principle of Satellite Aerosol Measurement 17 2.4 Aerosol Remote Sensing from Satellite Measurement 19 2.5 Aqua, Terra, and MODIS 20 2.6 MODIS AOT Retrieval 22 2.7 AERONET 26 3. MODIS and AERONET Correlation 29 3.1 Background 29 3.2 Study Area 31 3.3 Spatial and Temporal Matching 31 3.4 AOT Correlation 33 3.5 AE Correlation 36 3.6 Aerosol Characteristics and AOT, AE Correlation 37 4 Permanent Aerosol Source Regions over Asia 40 4.1 Background 40 4.2 Permanent Source Regions 42 4.3 Aerosol Characteristics over the Source Regions 46 4.4 Trends During 2002-2008 49 5. Aerosol Characteristics over East Asia 54 5.1 Background 54 5.2 Selected Stations 56 5.3 Data and Methodology 56 5.4 Seasonal and Monthly Aerosol Characteristics 57 5.5 Influence of Dust Particles 62 5.6 Smoke and Pollution 64 5.7 Seasonal Variation with Meteorological Parameters 65 Summary and Conclusion 69 Future Work 72 References 74 Tables 90 Figures 96
參考文獻	Alam, K., Iqbal, M.J., Blaschke, T., Qureshi, S and Khan, G (2010), Monitoring the spatio-temporal variations in aerosols and aerosol-cloud interactions over Pakistan using MODIS data, Adv. Space Res., 46, 1162-1176. Alam, K., S. Qureshi, T and Blaschke (2011), Monitoring spatio-temporal aerosol patterns over Pakistan based on MODIS, TOMS and MISR satellite data and a HYSPLIT model, Atmos. Environ., 45, 4641-4651, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.055. Anderson, J., J. Wang, J. Zeng, G. Leptoukh, M. Petrenko, C. Ichoku and C. Hu (2013), Long-term statistical assessment of Aqua-MODIS aerosol optical depth over coastal regions: bias characteristics and uncertainty sources, Tellus B, 65, 20805, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.20805. Bao, Z., C. Zhu, R. Hulugalla, J. Gub and G. Dia (2008), Spatial and temporal characteristics of aerosol optical depth over East Asia and their association with wind fields, Meteorol Appl., 15, 455–463, doi: 10.1002/met.87. Bridhikitti, A and T. J. Overcamp (2011), Optical Characteristics of Southeast Asia′s Regional Aerosols and Their Sources, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 61(7), 747-754, doi:10.3155/1047-3289.61.7.747. Carlson, T. N and J. M. Prospero (1972), The large-scale movement of Saharan air outbreaks over the northern equatorial Atlantic, J. Appl. Meteorol., 11, 283–297. Charles E. Kolb and Douglas R. Worsnop (2012), Chemistry and Composition of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 63, 471–91, doi: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-032511-143706. Charlson, R. J., S. E. Schwartz, J. M. Hales, R. D. Cess, J. A. Coakley jr., J. E. Hansen and D. J. Hofmann (1992), Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols, Science., 255 (5043), 423-430, doi:10.1126/science.255.5043.423. Chen, W. N., Y. W. Chen, C. C. K. Chou, S. Y. Chang, P. H. Lin and J. P. Chen (2009), Columnar optical properties of tropospheric aerosol by combined lidar and sunphotometer measurements at Taipei, Taiwan, Atmos. Environ., 43, 2700–2708. Cheng, A.Y.S., M.H. Chan and X. Yang (2006), Study of aerosol optical thickness in Hong Kong, validation, results, and dependence on meteorological parameters, Atmos. Environ., 40, 4469–4477. Chiang, C.W., W.N. Chen, W.A. Liang and J.B. Nee (2004), Lidar measurements of spring dusts in 2002 at Chung-Li (25º N, 121º E), Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 15 (5), 813–824. Chin Mian, T. Diehl, P. Ginoux and W. Malm (2007), Intercontinental transport of pollution and dust aerosols: implications for regional air quality, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5501-5517, doi:10.5194/acp-7-5501-2007. Chow, J. C (1995), Measurement methods to determine compliance with ambient air quality standards for suspended particles. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 45 (5), 320-382. Chu, D. A., Y. J. Kaufman, C. Ichoku, L. A. Remer, D. Tanre and B. N. Holben (2002), Validation of the MODIS aerosol retrieval over land, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(12), doi:10.1029/2001GL013205. Chu, D.A., Y. J. Kaufman, G. Zibordi, J. D. Chern, J. Mao, C. Li and B. N. Holben (2003), Global monitoring air pollution over land from the earth observing system-terra moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), J. Geophys. Res., 108(D21), 4661, doi:10.1029/2002JD003179. Chueinta. W, Hopke. P. K and Paatero. P (2000), Investigation of sources of atmospheric aerosol at urban and suburban residential areas in Thailand by positive matrix factorization, Atmos. Environ., 34, 3319–3329. Chun, Y., K.-O. Boo, J. Kim, S.-U. Park and M. Lee (2001), Synopsis, transport, and physical characteristics of Asian dust in Korea, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D16), 18461–18469, doi:10.1029/2001JD900184. Dentener, F., S. Kinne, T. Bond, O. Boucher, J. Cofala, S. Generoso, P. Ginoux, S. Gong, J. J. Hoelzemann, A. Ito, L. Marelli, J. E. Penner, J.-P. Putaud, C. Textor, M. Schulz, G. R. van der Werf and J. Wilson (2006), Emissions of primary aerosol and precursor gases in the years 2000 and 1750 prescribed data-sets for AeroCom, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4321–4344, www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/4321/2006 . Dey, S., S. N. Tripathi, R. P. Singh and B. N. Holben (2004), Influence of dust storms on the aerosol optical properties over the Indo-Gangetic basin, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20211, doi:10.1029/2004JD004924. Dubovik, O and M. D. King (2000), A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties from sun and sky radiance measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D16), 20673–20696. Dubovik, O., B. Holben, T.F. Eck, A. Smirnov, Y.J. Kaufman, M.D. King, D. Tanré, and I. Slutsker (2002), Variability of Absorption and Optical Properties of Key Aerosol Types Observed in Worldwide Locations, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 590–608. Eck, T. F., B. N. Holben, O. Dubovik, A. Smirnov, P. Goloub, H. B. Chen, B. Chatenet, X.-Y. Zhang, S. -C. Tsay, Q. Ji, D. Giles and I. Slutsker (2005), Columnar aerosol optical properties at AERONET sites in central eastern Asia and aerosol transport to the tropical mid-Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 110, D06202, doi:10.1029/2004JD005274. Fraser, R. S (1976), Satellite measurement of mass of Sahara dust in the atmosphere, Appl. Opt., 15, 2471–2479. Fraser, R. S., Y. J. Kaufman and R. L. Mahoney (1984), Satellite measurements of aerosol mass and transport, Atmos. Environ., 18, 2577–2584. Funasakaa, K., M. Sakaia, M. Shinyaa, T. Miyazakia, T. Kamiuraa, S. Kanecob, K. Ohtab and T. Fujitaa (2003), Size distributions and characteristics of atmospheric inorganic particles by regional comparative study in Urban Osaka, Japan, Atmos. Environ., 37, 4597–4605. Gao, T., L. J. Su, Q. X. Ma, H. Y. Li, X. C. Li and X. Yu (2003), Climatic analyses on increasing dust storm frequency in the spring of 2000 and 2001 in Inner Mongolia, Int. J. Climatol., 23, 1743– 1755. Gautam, R., N. C. Hsu, S. C. Tsay, K. M. Lau, B. Holben, S. Bell, A. Smirnov, C. Li, R. Hansell, Q. Ji2, S. Payra, D. Aryal, R. Kayastha and K. M. Kim (2011), Accumulation of aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic plains and southern slopes of the Himalayas: distribution, properties and radiative effects during the 2009 pre-monsoon season, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12841-12863, doi:1’0.5194/acp-11-12841-2011. Gerelmaa, D., G. R. Liu, T. H. Kuo and T. H. Lin (2015a), Analysis of Aerosol Properties Coupled with Meteorological Parameters over East Asia, Terr. Atmos. Ocean Sci., In Press, doi:10.3319/TAO.2014.12.03.01(A). Gerelmaa, D., G. R. Liu, T. H. Kuo and T. H. Lin (2015b), Investigation of permanent aerosol source regions over Asia using multi-year MODIS observations, J. Marine Sci. Tech.., In Press. Griggs, M. 1975, Measurements of atmospheric aerosol optical thickness over water using ERTS-1 data. J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assoc. 25:622. Gordon, H. R., and M. Wang (1994), Retrieval of water-leaving radiance and aerosol optical thickness over the oceans with SeaWiFS: a preliminary algorithm, Appl. Opt., 33, 443–452. Guenther, B., X. Xiong, V. V. Salomonson, W. L. Barnes and J. Young, 2002, On-orbit performance of the Earth Observing System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer: First year of data, Remote Sens. Environ., 83, 16–30. Habib, G., C. Venkataraman, I. Chiapello, S. Ramachandran, O. Boucher and M. Shekar Reddy (2006), Seasonal and interannual variability in absorbing aerosols over India derived from TOMS: Relationship to regional meteorology and emissions, Atmos. Environ., 40, 11, 1909-1921. Haywood, J and O, Boucher (2000), Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: a review, Rev. GeoPhys., 38, 513-543. He, Q., C. Li, F. Geng, Y. Lei and Y. Li (2012), Study on Long-term Aerosol Distribution over the Land of East China Using MODIS Data, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 12, 300–315. Heald, C. L., D. J. Jacob, R. J. Park, B. Alexander, T. D. Fairlie, R. M. Yantosca and D. A. Chu (2006), Transpacific transport of Asian anthropogenic aerosols and its impact on surface air quality in the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14310, doi:10.1029/2005JD006847. Herman, J. R., P. K. Bhartia, O. Torres, C. Hsu, C. Seftor and E. Celarier (1997), Global distribution of UV-absorbing aerosols from Nimbus 7/TOMS data, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D14), 16911–16922. Higurashi. A., T. Nakajima., B. N. Holben., A. Smirnov., R. Frouin and B. Chatenet (2000), A Study of global aerosol optical climatology with two-channel AVHRR remote sensing, J. Climate., 13, 2011–2027. Holben, B. N., D. Tanre, A. Smirnov, T. F. Eck, I. Slutsker, N. Abuhassan, W. W. Newcomb, J. S. Schafer, B. Chatenet, F. Lavenu, Y. J. Kaufman, J. Vande Castle, A. Setzer, B. Markham, D. Clark, R. Frouin, R. Halthore, A. Karneli, N. T. O’Neill, C. Pietras, R. T. Pinker, K. Voss and G. Zibordi (2001), An emerging ground-based aerosol climatology: Aerosol optical depth from AERONET, J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D11), 12,067–12,097. Holben, B.N., T. F. Eck, I. Slutsker, D. Tanré, J. P. Buis, A. Setzer, E. Vermote, J.A. Reagan, Y. J. Kaufman, T. Nakajima, F. Lavenu, I. Jankowiak and A. Smirnov (1998), AERONET – A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Remote Sens. Environ., 66, 1–16. Huang, J., P. Minnis, B. Lin, T. Wang, Y. Yi, Y. Hu, S. Sun-Mack and K. Ayers (2006), Possible influences of Asian dust aerosols on cloud properties and radiative forcing observed from MODIS and CERES, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06824, doi:10.1029/2005GL024724. Huebert, B. J., T. Bates, P. B. Russell, G. Shi, Y. J. Kim, K. Kawamura, G. Carmichael, and T. Nakajima, 2003: An overview of ACE-Asia: Strategies for quantifying the relationships between Asian aerosols and their climatic impacts, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D23), 8633, doi:10.1029/2003JD003550. Husar, R. B. (2011), Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications, Third Edition. Edited by P. Kulkarni, P. A. Baron, and K. Willeke, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Husar, R. B., D. M. Tratt, B. A. Schichtel, S. R. Falke, F. Li, D. Jaffe, S. Gasso, T. Gill, N. S. Laulainen, F. Lu, M. C. Reheis, Y. Chun, D. Westphal, B. N. Holben, C. Gueymard, I. McKendry, N. Kuring, G. C. Feldman, C. McClain, R. J. Frouin, J. Merrill, D. DuBois, F. Vignola, T. Murayama, S. Nickovic, W. E. Wilson, K. Sassen, N. Sugimoto and W. C. Malm (2001), Asian dust events of April 1998, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D16), 18317–18330, doi:10.1029/2000JD900788. Husar, R. B., J. M. Prospero and L. L. Stowe (1997), Characterization of tropospheric aerosols over the oceans with the NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer optical thickness operational product, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D14): 16889–16909. Ichoku, C., D. A. Chu, S. Chu, Y. J. Kaufman, L. A. Remer, D. Tanré, I.Slutsker and B. N. Holben (2002), A spatio-temporal approach for global validation and analysis of MODIS aerosol products, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (12), 8006, doi:10.1029/2001GL013206. Jaffe, D., T. Anderson, D. Covert, R. Kotchenruther, B. Trost, J. Danielson, W. Simpson, T. Berntsen, S. Karlsdottir, D. Blake, J. Harris, G. Carmichael and I. Uno (1999), Transport of Asian air pollution to North America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 6, 711-714. Jeong, M.-J and Z. Li (2005), Quality, compatibility, and synergy analyses of global aerosol products derived from the advanced very high resolution radiometer and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S08, doi:10.1029/2004JD004647. Jones, T. A and S. A. Christopher (2007), MODIS derived fine mode fraction characteristics of marine, dust, and anthropogenic aerosols over the ocean, constrained by GOCART, MOPITT and TOMS, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22204, doi:10.1029/2007JD008974. Kalnay, E., M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, W. Collins, D. Deaven, L. Gandin, M. Iredell, S. Saha, G. White, J. Woollen, Y. Zhu, A. Leetmaa, R. Reynolds, M. Chelliah, W. Ebisuzaki, W. Higgins, J. Janowiak, K. C. Mo, C. Ropelewski, J. Wang, Roy Jenne and Dennis Joseph ( 1996), The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-470, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2. Kambezidis, H. D and D. G. Kaskaoutis (2008), Aerosol climatology over four AERONET sites: An overview, Atmos. Environ., 42, 1892–1906. Kaskaoutis, D. G., H. D. Kambezidis, N. Hatzianastassiou, P. G. Kosmopoulos and K. V. S. Badarinath (2007), Aerosol climatology: on the discrimination of aerosol types over four AERONET sites, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 7, 6357–6411. Kaufman, Y. J (1993a), Aerosol optical thickness and atmospheric path radiance, J. Geophys. Res., 98(D2), 2677–2692. Kaufman, Y. J (1989), The atmospheric effect on remote sensing and its correction, Theory and Applications of Optical Remote Sensing, G. Asrar, Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 336–428. Kaufman, Y. J., A. E. Wald, L. A. Remer, B.-C. Gao, R.-R. Li and L. Flynn (1997b), The MODIS 2.1 µm Channel - Correlation with visible reflectance for use in remote sensing of aerosol, IEEE Trans GeoSci and Remote Sens., 35, 1286-1298. Kaufman, Y. J., D. Tanré and O. Boucher (2002), A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system, Nature., 419 (6903), 215–223. Kaufman, Y. J., D. Tanré, L. A. Remer, E. Vermote, A. Chu and B. N. Holben (1997a), Operational remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol over land from EOS MODIS, J. Geophys, Res., 102(D14), 17051-17061. Kaufman, Y. J and T. Nakajima (1993), Effect of Amazon Smoke on Cloud Microphysics and Albedo-Analysis from Satellite Imagery, J. App. Meteorol., 32, 729–744. Kim, D. H., B. J. Sohn, T. Nakajima and T. Takamura (2005), Aerosol radiative forcing over East Asia determined from ground-based solar radiation measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S22, doi:10.1029/2004JD004678. Kim, D. H., B. J. Sohn, T. Nakajima, T. Takamura, T. Takemura, B.-C. Choi and S. C. Yoon (2004), Aerosol optical properties over East Asia determined from ground-based sky radiation measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D02209, doi:10.1029/2003JD003387. Kim, H. S., Y.-S. Chung and J.-T. Kim (2014), Spatio-Temporal Variations of Optical Properties of Aerosols in East Asia Measured by MODIS and Relation to the Ground-Based Mass Concentrations Observed in Central Korea during 2001~2010, Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 50(2), 191-200, doi:10.1007/s13143-014-0007-8. Kim. S. W., S. C. Yoon, J. Kim and S. Y. Kim (2007), Seasonal and monthly variations of columnar aerosol optical properties over east Asia determined from multi-year MODIS, LIDAR, and AERONET Sun/sky radiometer measurements, Atmos. Environ., 41, 1634–1651. King, M. D., Y. J. Kaufman,W. P. Menzel and D. Tanre, NGSF Center, and M. D. Greenbelt (1992), Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS), IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 30, 2–27. Kleidman, R. G., N. T. O’Neill, L. A. Remer, Y. J. Kaufman, T. F. Eck, D. Tanré, O. Dubovik and B. N. Holben (2005), Comparison of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiomter (MODIS) and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) remote-sensing retrievals of aerosol fine mode fraction over ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D22205, doi:10.1029/2005JD005760. Kulkarni, P., P. A. Baron and K. Willeke (2011), Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications, Third Edition. Edited by P. Kulkarni, P. A. Baron, and K. Willeke, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Kurosaki, Y and M. Mikami (2003), Recent frequent dust events and their relation to surface wind in East Asia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(14), 1736, doi:10.1029/2003GL017261. Lee, K. H., Y. J. Kim, W. von Hoyningen-Huene and J. P. Burrow (2007), Spatio-temporal variability of satellite-derived aerosol optical thickness over northeast Asia in 2004, Atmos. Environ., 41 (19), 3959–3973. Lelieveld J., P. J. Crutzen, V. Ramanathan, M. O. Andreae, C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer, T. Campos, G. R. Cass, R. R. Dickerson, H. Fischer, J. A. de Gouw, A. Hansel, A. Jefferson, D. Kley, A. T. J. de Laat, S. Lal, M. G. Lawrence, J. M. Lobert, O. L. Mayol-Bracero, A. P. Mitra, T. Novakov, S. J. Oltmans, K. A. Prather, T. Reiner, H. Rodhe, H. A. Scheeren, D. Sikka and J.Williams (2001), The Indian Ocean Experiment: Widespread Air Pollution from South and Southeast Asia, Science., 291 (5506), 1031–1036, doi: 10.1126/science.1057103. Léon, J. -F and M. Legrand (2003), Mineral dust sources in the surroundings of the north Indian Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1309, doi:10.1029/2002GL016690. Lesins, G and U., Lohmann (2006), Using MODIS and AERONET to Determine GCM Aerosol Size, J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1338-1347. Levy, R. C., L. A. Remer, S. Mattoo, E. F. Vermote and Y. J. Kaufman (2007), Second-generation operational algorithm: Retrieval of aerosol properties over land from inversion of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer spectral reflectance, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D13211, doi:10.1029/2006JD007811. Liang, Q., L. Jaeglé, D. A. Jaffe, P. Weiss-Penzias, A. Heckman and J. A. Snow (2004), Long-range transport of Asian pollution to the northeast Pacific: Seasonal variations and transport pathways of carbon monoxide, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S07, doi:10.1029/2003JD004402. Lin T.-H., N. C. Hsu, S.-C. Tsay, D. Westphal and S.-J. Huang (2011), Asian dust weather categorization with Satellite and surface observations, Int. J. Remote Sens., 32, doi: 10.1080/01431160903439932. Lin, C. Y., S. C. Liu, C. C.-K. Chou, S. J. Huang, C. M. Liu, C. H. Kuo and C. Y. Young (2005), Long-range transport of aerosols and their impact on the air quality of Taiwan, Atmos. Environ., 39 (33), 6066–6076. Liu, X., Z.-Y. Yin, X. Zhang and X. Yang (2004), Analyses of the spring dust storm frequency of northern China in relation to antecedent and concurrent wind, precipitation, vegetation, and soil moisture conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D16210, doi:10.1029/2004JD004615. Lyons, W. A and R. B. Husar (1976), SMS/GOES Visible images detect a synoptic-scale air pollution episode, Monthly Weather Review., 104:1623–1626. McMurry, P. H (2000), A review of atmospheric aerosol measurements, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1959-1999. Mukai, S., I. Sano, M. Satoh and B. N. Holben (2006), Aerosol properties and air pollutants over an urban area, Atmos. Res., 82, 643–651. Nakajima, T and M. Tanaka (1988), Algorithms for radiative intensity calculations in moderately thick atmospheres using a truncation approximation, J. Quant. Spectrosc Radiat. Transfer., 40, 51-69. Nakajima, T., G. Tonna, R. Rao, P. Boi, Y. Kaufman, and B. Holben (1996), Use of sky brightness measurements from ground for remote sensing of particulate poly-dispersions, Appl. Opt., 35, 2672-2686. Nakajima, T., M. Tanaka and T. Yamauchi (1983), Retrieval of the optical properties of aerosols from aureole and extinction data, Appl. Opt., 22, 2951-2959. Nee, J. B., C. W. Chiang, H. L. Hu, S. X. Hu, and J. Y. Yu (2007), Lidar measurements of Asian dust storms and dust cloud interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 112 (D15), doi:10.1029/2007JD008476. Omar, A. H., J.-G. Won, D. M. Winker, S.-C. Yoon, O. Dubovik and M. P. McCormick (2005), Development of global aerosol models using cluster analysis of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S14, doi:10.1029/2004JD004874. Parmenter, F. C. (1971), Picture of the month: Smoke from slash burning operations, Monthly Weather Review, 99, 684–685. Persad, G. G., Y. Ming and V. Ramaswamy (2014), The role of aerosol absorption in driving clear-sky solar dimming over East Asia, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 10,410–10,424, doi:10.1002/2014JD021577. Pruppacher, H., R and J. D. Klett (1997), Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass. Qian, W. H., L. S. Qian and S. Y. Shi (2002), Variations of the dust storm in China and its climatic control, J. Climate, 15, 1216–1229. Qian, W. H., T. Xu and L. S. Qian (2004), Regional characteristics of dust storms in China Atmos. Environ., 38, 4895–4907, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.038 (2004). Ramachandran, S and S, Kedia (2013), Aerosol Optical Properties over South Asia from Ground-Based Observations and Remote Sensing: A Review, Climate., 1, 84-119; doi:10.3390/cli1030084. Reid. J. S., E. J. Hyer, R. S. Johnson, B. N. Holben, R. J. Yokelson, J. Zhang, J. R. Campbell, S. A. Christopher, L. DiGirolamo, L. Giglio, R. E. Holz, C. Kearney, J. Miettinen, E. A. Reid, F. J. Turk, J. Wang, P. Xian, G. Zhao, R. Balasubramanian, B. N. Chew, S. Janjai, N. Lagrossas, P. Lestari, N. -H. Lin, M. Mahmud, A. X. Nguyen, B. Norris, N. T. K. Oanh, M. Oo, S. V. Salinas, E. J. Welton and S. C. Liew (2013), Observing and understanding the Southeast Asian aerosol system by remote sensing: An initial review and analysis for the Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program, Atmospheric Research., 122, 403–468. Remer, L. A and Y. J. Kaufman (1998), Dynamic aerosol model: Urban/industrial aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D12), 13859–13872. Remer, L. A., D. Tanré, Y. J. Kaufman, C. Ichoku, S. M584 attoo, R. Levy, D. A. Chu, B. Holben, O. Dubovik, A. Smirnov, J. V. Martins, R.-R. Li and Z. Ahmad (2002), Validation of MODIS aerosol retrieval over ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 12, 1618, doi:10.1029/2001GL013204. Remer, L. A., et al., (2008), Global aerosol climatology from the MODIS satellite sensors, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 113, D14S07, doi:10.1029/2007JD009661. Remer, L. A., Y. J. Kaufman, D. Tané, S. Mattoo, D. A. Chu, J. J. Martins, R.-R. Li, C. Ichoku, R. C. Levy, R. G. Kleidman, T. F. Eck, E. Vermote and B. N. Holben (2005), The MODIS aerosol algorithm, products and validation, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 947–973. Richter, A., J. P. Burrows, H. Nüß, C. Granier and U. Niemeier (2005), Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space, Nature, 437, 129-132, doi:10.1038/nature04092. Sano, I., S. Mukai, M. Yamauo, T. Takamura, T. Nakajima and B. Holben (2003), Calibration and validation of retrieved aerosol properties based on aeronet and skynet, Adv. Space. Res., 32, 11, 2159-2164. Schneider, U., B. Andreas, F. Peter, M. C. Anja, R. Bruno and Z. Markus (2011), GPCC Full Data Reanalysis Version 6.0 at 0.5°: Monthly Land-Surface Precipitation from Rain-Gauges built on GTS-based and Historic Data. doi: 10.5676/DWD_GPCC/FD_M_V6_050. Schsuter, G. L., O. Dubovik and B. N. Holben (2006), Angstrom exponent and bimodal aerosol size distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D07207, doi:10.1029/2005JD006328. Seinfeld, J. H and S. N. Pandis (1998), Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution To Climate Change, Wiley Interscience, New York. Sharma, M., D. G. Kaskaoutis, R. P. Singh and S. Singh (2014), Seasonal Variability of Atmospheric Aerosol Parameters over Greater Noida Using Ground Sunphotometer Observations (2014), Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 14, 608–622, doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2013.06.0219. Shaw, Glenn E (1980), Transport of Asian Desert Aerosol to the Hawaiian Islands, J. Appl. Meteor., 19, 1254–1259, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1980)019<1254:TOADAT>2.0.CO;2. Sorensen, C. M., J. Gebhhart, T. J. O’hern and D. J. Reader (2011), Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications, Third Edition. Edited by P. Kulkarni, P. A. Baron, and K. Willeke, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,. Stamnes, K ., S. C. Tsay, W., Wiscombe and K. Jayaweera (1988), Numerically stable algorithm for discrete ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media, Appl. Opt., 27, 2502-2509. Stowe, L. L. (1991), Cloud and aerosol products at NOAA/NESDIS, Global and Planetary Change GPCHE, 4(1-3), 25–32. Sun, J., M. Zhang and T. Liu (2001) Spatial and temporal characteristics of dust storms in China and its surrounding regions, 1960-1999: Relations to source area and climate, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 10,325–10,333. Suresh Babu, S., S. K. Satheesh, K. Krishna Moorthy, C. B. S. Dutt, Vijayakumar S. Nair, Denny P. Alappattu and P. K. Kunhikrishnan (2008), Aircraft measurements of aerosol black carbon from a coastal location in the north-east part of peninsular India during ICARB, J. of Earth System Science, 117, 263-271, doi: 10.1007/s12040-008-0030-1. Tanré, D., J. F. Geleyn and J. Slingo (1984), First results of the introduction of an advanced aerosol-radiation interaction in ECMWF low resolution global model, in Aerosols and Their Climatic Effects, edited by H. E. Gerber and A. Deepak, 133–177. Tanré, D., M. Herman and Y. J. Kaufman (1996), Information on aerosol size distribution contained in solar reflected spectral radiances, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19 043–19 060. Tanré, D., Y. J. Kaufman, M. Herman and S. Mattoo (1997), Remote sensing of aerosol properties over oceans using the MODIS/EOS spectral radiances, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D14), 16971–16988, doi:10.1029/96JD03437. Uematsu, M., R. A. Duce, J. M. Prospero, L. Chen, J. T. Merrill and R. L. McDonald (1983), Transport of mineral aerosol from Asia Over the North Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 88(C9), 5343–5352, doi:10.1029/JC088iC09p05343. Wagner, F and A. M. Silva (2008), Some considerations about Angstrom Exponent distributions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 481–489. Wang X., J. Huang, M. Ji and K. Higuchi (2008), Variability of East Asia dust events and their long-term trend, Atmos. Environ., 42, 3156–3165, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.046. Wang, X. M., Z. B. Dong, J. W. Zhang and L. C. Liu (2004), Modern dust storms in China: an overview, J. Arid Environ., 58, 559–574. Wang, Y., J. Xin, Z. Li, S. Wang, P. Wang, W. M. Hao, B. L. Nordgren, H. Chen, L. Wang and Y. Sun (2011), Seasonal variations in aerosol optical properties over China, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D18209, doi:10.1029/2010JD015376. Whitby, K. T (1978), The physical characteristics of sulfur aerosols. Atmos. Environ., 12, 135–159. Wiacek, A., Peter, T and U. Lohmann (2010), The potential influence of Asian and African mineral dust on ice, mixed-phase and liquid water clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8649-8667, doi:10.5194/acp-10-8649-2010. Hinds, W., C (1999), Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles, John Wiley & Sons, N.J. Yi, B., P. Yang and B. A. Baum (2014), Impact of pollution on the optical properties of trans-Pacific East Asian dust from satellite and ground-based measurements, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 5397–5409, doi:10.1002/2014JD021721. Yu, X., B. Zhu and M. Zhang (2009), Seasonal variability of aerosol optical properties over Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 43 (26), 4095–4101, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.061. Zhang, Q., D. G. Streets, K. He, Y. Wang, A. Richter, J. P. Burrows, I. Uno, C. J. Jang, D. Chen, Z. Yao and Y. Lei (2007), NOx emission trends for China, 1995–2004: The view from the ground and the view from space, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22306, doi:10.1029/2007JD008684. Zheng, J., W. Che, Z. Zheng, L. Chen and L. Zhong (2013), Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variability of PM Concentrations Using MODIS Aerosol Optical Thickness in the Pearl River Delta Region, China, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 13, 862–876, doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2012.09.0234. Zhou Z., and G. Zhang (2003), “Typical severe dust storms in northern China during 1954-2002”, Chinese Science Bulletin, 48, No. 21, pp. 2366-2370. Zhu, C., B. Wang, and W. Qian (2008), Why do dust storms decrease in northern China concurrently witt the recent global warming?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18702, doi:10.1029/2008GL034886.
指導教授	劉振榮(Prof. Gin-Rong Liu)	審核日期	2015-6-24
推文	facebook   plurk   twitter   funp   google   live   udn   HD   myshare   reddit   netvibes   friend   youpush   delicious   baidu
網路書籤	Google bookmarks   del.icio.us   hemidemi   myshare