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姓名	賴信宇(Shin-yu Lai)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	電機工程學系
論文名稱	開發可攜式阻抗量測儀及其應用
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摘要(中)	本文提出一個可攜式電化學阻抗量測儀並介紹其應用，可攜式阻抗量測儀具有體積小、成本較低、方便攜帶、量測時間短及即時監控的優點，容易成為床邊檢測儀器，因此，可攜式阻抗量測儀在近幾年迅速成為電化學領域應用於量測的儀器對象。 本文可攜式阻抗量測儀以ATxmega32A4微處理器為核心，搭配運算放大器TLC2264ID的使用以及電子零件的配置完成硬體的設計；程式碼部分以C語言進行撰寫，燒錄則由AVR studio及燒錄器AVRISP mkII完成。本文可攜式阻抗量測儀重量大約120公克，具有四種量測模式：方波伏安法（SWV）、循環伏安法（CV）、計時電流法（CA）、線性掃描伏安法（LSV）；量測範圍為：電壓±990 mV、電流0-50 μA；且在電路校正實驗中獲得和理論值及IM6ex數據值非常接近的實驗數據（誤差＜ ±2%）。 在應用方面，藉由多孔網印碳電極的表面改質來量測肌酐酸（Creatinine）與人類血清白蛋白（Human serum albumin, HSA），肌酐酸和微蛋白尿是慢性腎臟病兩個很重要的患病指標，在慢性腎臟病患體內不同濃度的肌酐酸和微蛋白尿可能由不同病程所導致。我們採用三種酵素Creatininase (EC 3.5.2.10)、Creatinase (EC 3.5.3.3)、Sarcosine Oxidase (EC 1.5.3.1)來製成電流式肌酐酸生物感測器，藉由酵素催化肌酐酸使之產生氧化還原反應而可以量到電化學訊號，藉由標準樣品的實驗我們可以了解其電流響應與濃度之間的關係，進而建立檢量線，在0-550 μM的量測區間下獲得高度相關的相關係數（R2=0.997），而在電流式肌酐酸生物感測器的特異性測試中，藉由三種可能出現在人體血液中的干擾物（抗壞血酸、對乙醯胺基酚、尿酸）的測試，對於干擾物所產生的干擾電流我們可以將其平均誤差藉由CA的方法降低到4%以下；而在微蛋白尿的實驗中，將人類血清白蛋白抗體（anti-HSA）固定在電極上形成抗體式多孔網印碳電極，藉由抗體與抗原之間的特異性吸附來捕捉微蛋白尿，純溶液系統在10-300 mg/L量測區間下同樣獲得高度相關的相關係數（R2=0.997），同樣地在特異性測試中也通過在人體尿液中可能出現的四種干擾物（抗壞血酸、葡萄糖、肌酐酸、尿酸）的測試，干擾物所產生的干擾電流其平均誤差藉由CA降低到4%以下。我們也進一步將抗體式多孔網印碳電極和電流式肌酐酸生物感測器應用在實際尿液及血液樣品中，在尿液樣品的檢測實驗中獲得了高度相關的相關係數（R2=0.951）且其線性結果和在標準樣品中所得到的結果也一致，在血液樣品的檢測實驗也獲得高度相關係數(R2=0.979)，證明可攜式阻抗量測儀和生物感測器的搭配未來可以應用在實際樣品測量中。
摘要(英)	This thesis introduces our development of a portable electrochemical measurement device and its applications. In recent years, the portable potentiostat has become a popular device used in electrochemical measurement. Conventional electrochemical workstations such as IM6ex （ZAHNER-elektrik GmbH & Co. KG, Germany） are expensive, bulky, and need professional operators. On the contrary, our device is portable, inexpensive, and easy to use. The core of the portable impedance measurement device is a 16-bit microprocessor ATxmega32A4 from Atmel. The microprocessor facilitates signal amplification and potential controlling by incorporating the operational amplifier TLC2264ID. The function of the microprocessor is programmed in C language in the integrated development environment provided by Atmel AVR Studio. Weighting 120 g, the portable impedance measurement device provides four measurement modes: square wave voltammetry (SWV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), Chronoamperometry (CA), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The measurement range of the portable device is ±990 mV and 050 μA. Its accuracy was evaluated by comparing its measurement results with those measured with IM6ex as well as the theoretical values. The experiment results showed that the difference is within 2%. We further utilized our portable measurement device to detect creatinine and human serum albumin (HSA) with the screen-printed porous carbon electrode (SPPCE). Creatinine and HSA are important diagnostic indicators of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Different concentrations of creatinine and HSA in patients who suffer from CKD may refer to different levels of CKD. To catalyze creatinine into a redox reaction, we immobilized creatininase (EC 3.5.2.10), creatinase (EC 3.5.3.3), and sarcosine oxidase (EC 1.5.3.1) on the SPPCE to detect the electrochemical signal of creatinine. The creatinine detection results showed a high correlation coefficient （R2 = 0.99） in the calibration line. As for HSA detection, we immobilized anti-HSA on SPPCE to capture HSA by means of the specific adsorption between antibody and antigen. The HSA detection result also showed a high correlation coefficient （R2 = 0.997）.
關鍵字(中)	★ 阻抗量測儀 ★ 電化學 ★ 肌酐酸 ★ 人類血清白蛋白	關鍵字(英)	★ potentiostat ★ electrochemistry ★ creatinine ★ HSA
論文目次	論文電子檔授權書 i 紙本論文延後公開/下架申請書 ii 論文指導教師推薦書 iii 論文口試委員審定書 iv 中文摘要 v Abstract vii 致謝 ix 目錄 x 圖目錄 xiv 表目錄 xx 第一章 前言 1 1-1 阻抗量測儀的介紹 1 1-1-1 阻抗量測儀的定義與應用 1 1-1-2 阻抗量測儀的運作原理 2 1-2 慢性腎臟病簡介與臨床上的檢測 6 1-2-1 肌酐酸的簡介與檢測 8 1-2-2 人類血清白蛋白的簡介與檢測 10 1-3 何謂電化學？ 13 1-3-1 電化學量測方法 14 1-3-2 電化學感測器介紹 19 1-3-3 電化學感測器於醫學上的應用 20 1-4 文獻回顧 21 1-4-1 可攜式阻抗量測儀 21 1-4-2 生物感測器介紹 25 1-4-2-1 肌酐酸生物感測器 26 1-4-2-2 白蛋白生物感測器 31 第二章 研究動機與目的 38 2-1 研究動機 38 2-2 研究目的 39 第三章 實驗方法 40 3-1 可攜式阻抗量測儀的製作 40 3-1-1 硬體 40 3-1-1-1 電路板 40 3-1-1-2 零件 45 3-1-1-3 硬體組裝 53 3-1-2 軟體的撰寫與燒錄 54 3-1-3 可攜式阻抗量測儀檢測校正實驗 59 3-2 改良可攜式阻抗量測儀的製作 62 3-2-1 軟體的改良 62 3-2-2 改良可攜式阻抗量測儀檢測校正實驗 66 3-3 抗體式白蛋白生物感測器的製備 69 3-3-1 儀器與材料 69 3-3-2 製備步驟 73 3-4 抗體式白蛋白生物感測器的檢測實驗 75 3-4-1 標準樣品校正曲線 75 3-4-2 添加干擾物實驗 76 3-4-3 實際樣品測試 80 3-5 電流式電化學肌酐酸生物感測器的製備 82 3-5-1 儀器與材料 82 3-5-2 製備步驟 86 3-6 電流式電化學肌酐酸生物感測器的檢測實驗 88 3-6-1 標準樣品校正曲線 88 3-6-2 添加干擾物實驗 90 3-6-3 實際樣品測試 93 第四章 實驗結果與討論 95 4-1 可攜式阻抗量測儀的實現 95 4-1-1 硬體 95 4-1-2 軟體 97 4-1-3 電路測試結果 102 4-2 改良可攜式阻抗量測儀的實現 105 4-2-1 軟體改良 105 4-2-2 電路測試結果 109 4-3 微蛋白尿檢測實驗 112 4-3-1 標準樣品校正曲線 112 4-3-2 添加干擾物實驗 117 4-3-3 實際樣品測試 137 4-4 肌酐酸檢測實驗 143 4-4-1 標準樣品校正曲線 143 4-3-2 添加干擾物實驗 146 4-4-3 實際樣品測試 159 第五章 結論 163 第六章 未來展望 165 參考文獻 166
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指導教授	蔡章仁(Jang-zern Tsai)	審核日期	2015-8-5
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