| 摘要(英) |
CUI (Concrete Usage Index), one of the most important Singapore BCA (Building & Construction Authority) Green Mark sustainability indexes, has been extensively utilized in construction projects and is calculated in accordance with building geometry. However, it does not shed light on the information regarding how much greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide, methane, is generated for a given construction project in analysis, which can be determined by using BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability), developed by U.S. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). Nevertheless, the information presented by BEES is not related to building geometry, which implies that an architect cannot adjust the building’s geometry in order to find out the optimal design regarding the environmental impact. This research aimed at combining the benefits of both CUI and BEES and at creating an integrated sustainable index calculation system. The system can automatically retrieve a building’s geometry data from a Revit file and perform the CUI calculation task. It will then synthesize the BEES output data to show how much greenhouse gas generated for a given BIM model. To calculate CUI, a Revit add-in was created. Then, several EXCEL macros were crafted to collect data from BEES and to combine them with the CUI add-in. A total of 24 cement types from BEES, each holding 26 attributes and 4 subtotals, was compiled into the CUI codes, in order to show the amount of greenhouse gas for a project. The system should be able to assist architects as well as construction managers in estimation of greenhouse gas impact in accordance with a BIM model automatically, which may expedite the design cycle to quickly find out the best design from the perspective of environmental impact. |
| 參考文獻 |
[1] Global Greenhouse Warming. (n.d.).
Retrieved April 30, 2016, from http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/
[2] Autodesk Knowledge Network. (n.d.).
Retrieved March 15, 2016, from https://knowledge.autodesk.com/
[3] BEES Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability. (n.d.).
Retrieved April 19, 2016, from http://ws680.nist.gov/Bees/Default.aspx
[4] National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL): U.S. Life-Cycle Inventory Database. 2005. Golden, CO. Found at: http://www.nrel.gov/lci/database.
[5] PRé Consultants: SimaPro 6.0 LCA Software. 2005. The Netherlands.
[6] Kosmatka, S.H., Kerkhoff, B., and Panarese W.C., Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures, 14th Ed., (Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 2002). p. 327
[7] Portland Cement Association, U.S. and Canadian Labor-Energy Input Survey 2002, (Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 2005).
[8] Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc, “Completed BEES Site Questionnaire for Portland Cement,” CTL Project No. 312006, (Skokie, IL: Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc, June 2002).
[9] Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc, “Theoretical Concrete Mix Designs for Cement with Limestone as a Partial Replacement for Portland Cement,” CTL Project 312006, (Skokie, IL: Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc, June 2002).
[10] Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. and JAN Consultants, “Data Transmittal for Incorporation of Slag Containing Concrete Mixes into Version 2.0 of the BEES Software,” PCA R&D Serial No. 2168a/PCA Project 94-04, (Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 2000).
[11] Nisbet, M., et al. “Concrete Products Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Data Set for Incorporation into the NIST BEES Model.” PCA R&D Serial No. 2168/PCA Project 94-04a, (Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 1998).
[12] Nisbet, M.A., Marceau, M.L., and VanGeem, M.G. "Life Cycle Inventory of Portland Cement Manufacture (an Appendix to Environmental Life Cycle Inventory of Portland Cement Concrete)," PCA R&D Serial No. 2095a (Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 2002).
[13] Bhatty, J., et al. Innovations in Portland Cement Manufacturing, (Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 2004).
[14] U.S. Geological Survey. USGS Minerals Yearbook—2003, Volume I. Metals and Minerals (Washington, DC: Interior Dept., Geological Survey, 2003). pp 64.1-2; 71.1-3.
Found at: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/myb/index.html
[15] Nisbet, M., et al. “Environmental Life Cycle Inventory of Portland Cement Concrete.” PCA R&D Serial No. 2137a, (Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 2002).
[16] R. S. Means Co., Inc., 2007 Building Construction Cost Data (Kingston, MA: 2006), pp. 711-713.
[17] BIRDS Building Industry Reporting and Design for Sustainability. (n.d.).
Retrieved May 11, 2016, from https://birdscom.nist.gov/
[18] Barbara C. Lippiatt, Amy S. Boyles. 2001 Using BEES to select cost-effective green products (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment March 2001, Volume 6, Issue 2, pp 76-80)
[19] J Kneifel, P Lavappa, AL Greig, S Suh. NIST Technical Note, 1878 |
[Endnote RIS 格式]
[相關文章]
[文章引用]
[完整記錄]
[館藏目錄]
[檢視]
plurk
funp
live
udn
HD
myshare
netvibes
friend
youpush
delicious
baidu
Google bookmarks
del.icio.us
hemidemi
facebook
twitter
google
reddit