基盤土壤液化引致的側潰對上方土堤之影響及其改善對策

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姓名

胡林楙(Lin-Mao Hu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

基盤土壤液化引致的側潰對上方土堤之影響及其改善對策
(Countermeasures for Reducing Embankment Settlement and Deformation Induced by Lateral Spreading)

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摘要(中)

1964日本新瀉地震、1995阪神大地震、2001年東日本大地震發生及2016年的美濃地震時，在震央附近許多地方都發生土壤液化之現象。臺灣西部平原區多屬地質軟弱的沖積地層，且地下水位面較高，而臺灣位於歐亞板塊交界，地震頻繁，在大地震發生時，極有可能發生土壤液化現象。若土堤結構位於砂質地盤、河岸或河堤邊，因受振引致土壤液化與側向滑動，會使土堤產生相當大的損害。
　　本研究藉由中央大學地工離心機暨振動台進行離心模型試驗，在50倍的人造離心重力場中，模擬現地土層及土堤在受振過程與土壤發生液化後之行為。並同時在離心模型中嘗試以地盤改良工法改善因土壤液化與側潰引致土堤結構的位移行為並比較各工法之成效。本研究採用的改良工法有垂直排水工法、礫石樁工法、降低飽和度工法及減輕載重工法；其中，降低飽和度工法為使用幫浦將氣體打入土壤孔隙中以降低土壤之飽和度，減輕載重工法為使用發泡性聚苯乙烯取代土堤的土壤以降低地盤上的載重。各工法改良之成效是以土層與土堤受振時之加速度歷時、試驗過程土壤中激發的超額孔隙水壓與試驗前後土堤沉陷、側向位移量進行評估。

摘要(英)

West Taiwan plain is soft alluvium ground with high ground water level. Moreover, Taiwan is located at Circum-Pacific seismic belt, liquefaction usually occurs during large earthquake. For an embankment which is built on the liquefiable ground with gentle slope, the soil liquefaction and lateral spreading due to earthquake would cause significance damage to the embankment. Therefore, it’s very important to understand the failure behavior of lateral spreading for an upper structure on liquefiable gentle slope during shaking.
A series of centrifuge shaking table test are designed to test in 50 g acceleration field. The main objective of this research is to discuss the effectiveness of different countermeasures against the embankment settlement and displacement by lateral spreading. The vertical draining system, granular column method, soil de-saturated method and EPS material were applied to the centrifuge models. The embankment settlement and displacement, acceleration and the pore water pressure histories of improved and non-improved models are measured and compared to discuss the effectiveness of the countermeasures.

關鍵字(中)

★ 離心模型試驗
★ 土壤液化
★ 地盤改良
★ 側向滑移
★ 土堤

關鍵字(英)

★ centrifuge modeling
★ liquefaction
★ ground improvement
★ lateral spreading
★ embankment

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
符號說明 xii
一、前言 1
1-1 研究背景與目的 1
1-2 研究方法 2
1-3 論文架構 2
二、文獻回顧 4
2-1 土壤液化定義、發生機制與災害 4
2-1-1 土壤液化機制 4
2-1-2 土壤液化災害與現象 6
2-2 土壤液化對土堤變形、沉陷之影響與防治 9
2-3 改良工法之原理 12
2-3-1 減輕載重工法 12
2-3-2 排水工法 13
2-3-3 降低飽和度工法 14
2-4 離心模型原理 16
2-4-1 離心模型尺度律 16
2-4-2 有效半徑 19
2-4-3 科氏加速度對離心模型試驗之影響 21
2-3-4 模型模擬 21
三、試驗設備與試體製作 38
3-1 試驗儀器與設備 38
3-1-1 地工離心機 38
3-1-2 單軸向振動台 38
3-1-3 資料擷取系統 39
3-1-4積層版試驗箱 (Laminar box) 與橡皮袋 39
3-1-5 土堤模型 40
3-1-6 各式感測器 41
3-1-7 剖面高程掃瞄系統 41
3-1-8 移動式霣降儀 42
3-2 試驗材料 42
3-2-1 試體土壤 42
3-2-2 改良工法材料與配置 43
3-3 試體準備 44
3-3-1 試驗箱之準備與組立 44
3-3-2 試體製作 44
3-3-3 放置土堤模型 45
3-3-4 地表剖面掃描 45
3-3-5 試體飽和 46
四、試驗結果與討論 67
4-1 試驗規劃與流程 67
4-2 試驗結果 69
4-2-1 試驗SIE之結果 69
4-2-2 試驗SIE-EPS之結果 71
4-2-3 試驗SIE-VD之結果 72
4-2-4 試驗SIE-GP之結果 74
4-2-5 試驗SIE-AIJ之結果 75
4-3 綜合討論 77
4-3-1 土層及土堤之響應頻率與剪力波速 77
4-3-2 超額孔隙水壓反應 78
4-3-3 液化引致之土層變形與土堤位移 80
五、結論與建議 128
5-1 結論 128
5-2 建議 131
參考文獻 132

參考文獻

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指導教授

洪汶宜(Wen-Yi Hung)

審核日期

2018-1-29

推文