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姓名 羅宇軒(Yu-Hsuen Lo) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 土木工程學系 論文名稱 以隨機產生之岩石節理面進行數值模擬與直剪試驗 相關論文 檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]
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摘要(中) 由於岩體中常伴隨節理面構造,因此使得岩體整體剪力強度不止受到岩體本身材料強度之影響,同時也受到節理面存在而可能有變化。岩石節理面之存在對於岩體剪力強度之影響,已有Barton提出之公式可推估岩體受節理面影響下之剪力強度,其中節理面粗糙度為重要之影響因素,且通常用節理面粗糙度係數(簡稱JRC)來表示岩體節理面剖面之粗糙程度。Barton(1977)提出之視覺對照法為最早評估岩石節理剖面JRC的方法,但由於此方式較為主觀,因此近年來許多學者提出了數值量化的客觀方式來評估JRC,如利用剖面線段長度的方均根值Z2、碎形維度D,或利用線段角度的傾角擬合參數C等,希望能夠更客觀的評估JRC值。
廖明傑(2016)蒐集並數位化86條岩石節理剖面(已知JRC),並對其進行統計分析,發現其剖面節理面的高程差呈現常態分佈,且其高程差之標準差與JRC值具有高度相關性,並藉由上述岩石節理面剖面之統計參數,隨機生成了一千組新的岩石節理剖面。本研究利用離散元素軟體PFC2D建立岩石節理面之直剪模型進行直剪試驗之模擬,分別對不同JRC所隨機生成之岩石節理剖面建立直接剪力試驗的數值模型,藉由此數值模型所得的結果與Barton(1977)提出之剪力強度經驗公式進行比較。
除了針對不同JRC區間的岩石節理面模型進行直剪試驗之模擬,與Barton所提出之經驗公式進行對比,我們利用石膏模型進行實際的直剪試驗,以此和模擬之結果進行對比。摘要(英) Because the rock mass is often accompanied by the joint, the overall shear strength of the rock mass is affected not only by the strength of the material itself, but also by the existence of the joint. The influence of the existence of rock joints on the shear strength of rock mass has been proposed by Barton to estimate the shear strength of rock mass under the influence of joint. Where the joint surface roughness is an important influencing factor, and the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) is usually used to represent the roughness of the section.
Barton (1977) proposed the visual comparison method for the earliest assessment of the JRC method, but because of this approach is more subjective, in recent years, many scholars have proposed numerical quantitative objective way to assess JRC.
We use the PFC2D to simulate the rock joint model of the direct shear test. The numerical model of the direct shear test was established for different JRC of the randomly generated rock joint. The results obtained by this numerical model are compared with the empirical formula of shear strength proposed by Barton (1977).
After that, we simulate the direct shear test of the rock joint surface model for different intervals of JRC and compare the result with the empirical formula proposed by Barton. In addition, we use the plaster model for the actual direct shear test, and compared with the simulation results.關鍵字(中) ★ 岩石節理面
★ 直剪試驗
★ JRC關鍵字(英) 論文目次 目錄
圖目錄 V
表目錄 XIV
符號表 XVI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3研究流程 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1岩石節理面剪力強度推估 4
2.2岩石節理面粗糙度係數 5
2.2.1 Barton標準節理剖面目測比較法 5
2.2.2方均根法 (Root mean square method ) 6
2.2.3傾角擬合法 (Inclination fitting method) 7
2.2.4碎形維度 (Fractal dimension method) 9
2.3 PFC理論介紹 10
2.3.1 PFC2D程式簡介 10
2.3.2 PFC2D六大基本假設 11
2.3.3 運算原理 11
2.3.4 接觸組成模式 12
2.3.5 PFC2D的限制與平滑節理模式 14
2.4以離散元素軟體模擬岩石節理面之直剪試驗 16
2.4.1 節理面模型生成方法 – 鍵結消去法 16
2.4.2 岩石節理面模型生成方法 18
2.4.3節理面模型之模擬試驗結果 20
2.5人造石膏試體力學試驗 27
2.5.1 人造石膏試體單壓試驗 27
2.5.2 人造石膏試體直剪試驗 28
2.6 人造節理面試體與PFC2D模擬試驗結果之比較 30
第三章 研究方法 34
3.1 岩石節理剖面資料蒐集 34
3.2 岩石節理剖面統計分析 44
3.3 隨機產生指定JRC之岩石節理面 50
3.4 以離散元素軟體PFC2D進行節理面之力學試驗模擬 50
3.4.1 節理面試體模型生成 51
3.4.2 模擬岩石節理面直剪試驗之設置 57
第四章 隨機產生之岩石節理面-數值分析 59
4.1 隨機岩石節理面剖面 59
4.2 PFC2D直剪試驗模擬 60
4.2.1 隨機生成節理面剖面之直剪試驗模擬結果 62
4.2.2 Barton標準剖面之直剪試驗模擬結果 67
4.2.3直剪模擬試體之斷鍵分析 73
4.2.4 PFC2D模擬結果與Barton經驗公式之對比 77
第五章 隨機產生之岩石節理面-以人造石膏試體進行直剪試驗 83
5.1 製作人造石膏岩石節理面直剪試體 83
5.1.1 數值剖面繪製與轉換 83
5.2 人造石膏試體單壓試驗 85
5.3 人造石膏試體直剪試驗 86
5.3.1 直接剪力試驗儀器配置 90
5.3.2 石膏試體直剪試驗 92
5.3.3石膏試體直剪試驗結果與模擬之比較 93
5.4新模擬參數與石膏試體直剪試驗結果之比較 101
第六章 結論與建議 108
6.1 本研究之結論 108
6.2 未來建議 109
參考文獻 110
附錄 114
附一 問與答 114
附錄二 標準砂之篩分析試驗結果 119
附錄三 Hoek & Bray 之限制 120
附錄四 隨機生成剖面JRC=19直剪試驗中正向應力變化 121
附錄五 隨機生成剖面JRC=3直剪試驗剪動方向之影響 121參考文獻 1. 魏培杰,「不同粗糙度係數下岩石節理面剖面之空間變異性探討」,國立中央大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文,中壢(2015)
2. 廖明傑,「岩石節理面之隨機模擬與其離散元素模型之力學性質分析」,國立中央大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文,中壢(2016)
3. 黃文泓,「電腦輔助製造節理剖面之剪力強度規模效應」,國立台灣大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文,台北(2000)
4. Barton, N. and V. Choubey "The shear strength of rock joints in theoryand practice." Rock mechanics 10(1-2): 1-54(1977).
5. Bandis, S., et al. "Experimental studies of scale effects on the shear behavior of rock joints." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 18(1): 1-21(1981).
6. Grasselli, G. and P. Egger "Constitutive law for the shear strength of rock joints based on three-dimensional surface parameters." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 40(1): 25-40(2003).
7. Itasca Consulting Group Inc. PFC2D (Particle Flow Code in 2 Dimensions). Version 4.0 Minneapolis, MN: ICG(2008).
8. Lee, Y. H., et al. "The fractal dimension as a measure of the roughness of rock discontinuity profiles." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics, 27(6): 453-464(1990).
9. Tatone, B. S. A. and G. Grasselli. "A new 2D discontinuity roughness parameter and its correlation with JRC." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 47(8): 1391-1400(2010).
10. Tse, R. and D. M. Cruden. "Estimating joint roughness coefficients." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics, 16(5): 303-307 (1979).
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15. Alameda-Hernandez P, Jimenez-Peralvarez J, Palenzuela JA, El Hamdouni R, Irigaray C, Cabrerizo MA, Chacon J., “Improvement of the JRC calculation using different parameters obtained through a new survey method applied to rock discontinuities.” Rock Mech Rock Eng, 47(6): 2047–2060(2014).
16. Kleepmek, M., Khamrat, S., Thongprapha, T., Fuenkajorn, K. “Displacement velocity e?ects on rock fracture shear strengths.” J. Struct. Geol, 90, pp.48– 60(2016).
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18. Prassetyo, S.H., Gutierrez, M., Barton, N. “Nonlinear shear behavior of rock joints using a linearized implementation of the Barton-Bandis model.” Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 9 (4): 671-682(2017).
19. Rasouli V, Harrison J. “Assessment of rock fracture surface roughness using Riemannian statistics of linear profiles.” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 47 (6): 940-948(2010).
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21. Jiang, Q., Feng, X., Gong, Y., Song, L., Ran, S., Cui, J.” Reverse modelling of natural rock joints using 3D scanning and 3D printing.” Computers and Geotechnics 73, pp.210-220(2016).
22. Indraratna B, Thirukumaran S, Brown ET, Premadasa W, Gale W. “A technique for three-dimensional characterisation of asperity deformation on the surface of sheared rock joints.” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 70, pp.483-495 (2014).指導教授 黃文昭(Wen-Chao Huang) 審核日期 2018-8-20 推文 plurk
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