熱養護混凝土應用於低放射性廢棄物盛裝容器之障壁功能試驗評估

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葉佳煊(Jia-Hsuan Yeh) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

熱養護混凝土應用於低放射性廢棄物盛裝容器之障壁功能試驗評估

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摘要(中)

低放射性廢棄物處置設施工程障壁由混凝土所組成，不同於一般混凝土結構用途，其服務年限需長達數百年之久。考量未來國內最終處置場之場址可能位於濱海區域，混凝土容器長期處於此環境下，對混凝土所造成之劣化與耐久性的影響顯著。
　　本研究延續先前研究團隊製作用於低放射性廢棄物處置容器用混凝土桶身及填充材料之配比HIC-C與配比HIC-M及配比C與配比M進行單一方向氯離子入侵濃度試驗，以表面氯離子濃度及擴散係數隨時間長期發展趨勢，進行配比之服務年限推估，且利用信賴區間概念與亂數模擬方法，推估盛裝容器混凝土在服務年限內發生腐蝕破壞的風險。
為提升低放射性廢棄物處置盛裝容器用混凝土之品質，延續先前研究團隊所採用80℃(三天及四天)及本研究新增90℃(兩天及三天)之熱養護方法製作試體，進行抗壓強度、孔隙率、乾縮、壓力下水貫入深度、氮氣吸附及電阻率試驗，並將結果與23℃常溫養護試體加以比較，藉由統計方法針對不同養護方式之主要實驗結果進行單因子變異數分析，整合試驗結果顯示，高溫養治兩種混凝土配比之各項性質顯著優於常溫養治混凝土，且高溫養治試體中，以80℃養護四天為較佳養護方式。
　　利用非破壞且快速量測混凝土表面電阻方式，針對可能具有瑕疵之混凝土試體進行電阻量測，將試驗結果藉由統計分析，結果顯示使用非破壞性表面電阻檢測作為容器混凝土不同階段驗收檢驗方法應具可行性。

摘要(英)

The concrete used for making containers for low-level radioactive wastes is different from typical structural concrete that it is subjected to a prolonged service period.
　　This study extends the investigations on the mixes of HIC-C, HIC-M and mixes C and M used for highly integrated containers (HIC) by continuing measurements on the surface chloride ion concentration and diffusion coefficient of these mixes, such that the long-term behavior of chloride ingress into the mixes is carefully evaluated.
　　In order to improve the performance of the concrete mixes, specimens were thermally cured at 80℃ and 90℃ for 2 to 4 days and then tested for compressive strength, porosity, drying shrinkage, water penetration depth, gas adsorption and electrical resistivity. And the results were compared with the 23℃ normal temperature cured test specimens. Based on statistical analysis results, the concrete mixes cured at high temperature are found to show improved quality than those cured at normal temperature. with the 4-day curing at 80℃ having the most improvement.
　　Using the non-destructive and rapid measurements on concrete surface resistance, it was able to differentiate concrete specimens with crack and/or damage. Statistical analysis results indicate that surface resistance can be used as a means of acceptance measurement for concrete containers.

關鍵字(中)

★ 容器混凝土
★ 氯離子擴散
★ 熱養護
★ 表面電阻率

關鍵字(英)

★ Concrete Canister
★ Chloride diffusion
★ Heat curing
★ Surface resistivity

論文目次

摘要.....................i
Abstract..............iii
致謝..............v
目錄..............vii
圖目錄..............xi
表目錄..............xvii
第一章緒論..............1
1.1 研究背景..............1
1.2 研究目的..............1
1.3 研究內容..............2
第二章文獻回顧..............5
2.1 低放射性廢棄物..............5
2.1.1 放射性廢棄物來源與特性..............5
2.1.2 低放射性廢棄物最終處置場案例..............6
2.2 氯離子擴散..............15
2.2.1 氯離子擴散機制..............15
2.2.2 添加卜作嵐摻料對氯離子擴散影響..............17
2.2.3 氯離子擴散係數及時間因子..............18
2.3 程式Life-365簡介..............20
2.3.1 發展背景..............20
2.3.2 參數設定..............22
2.3.3 發展背景..............24
2.4 服務年限推估模式..............26
2.4.1 表層氯離子..............26
2.4.2 擴散係數推估方式..............28
2.4.3 時間因子推估方式..............30
2.4.4 表面氯離子推估方式..............32
2.5 混凝土耐久性評估..............34
2.5.1 高溫養護對混凝土品質影響..............34
2.5.2 影響混凝土電阻率因素..............38
2.5.3 表面電阻率與其他相關性試驗..............42
2.5.4 不同飽和方法對混凝土孔隙率量測..............44
2.5.5 混凝土收縮機制..............45
第三章實驗材料與規劃..............49
3.1 實驗材料..............49
3.2 實驗設備..............52
3.3 實驗內容及方法..............57
3.3.1 實驗流程..............57
3.3.2 實驗變數..............60
3.3.3 實驗方法..............63
第四章氯離子入侵實驗結果與分析..............77
4.1 ASHTO T259與ASTM C1556相關規範..............77
4.2 氯離子入侵混凝土濃度量測及分析(ASTM)..............80
4.2.1 配比C與配比M之氯離子濃度剖面(ASTM)..............80
4.2.2 瞬時擴散係數D與表面氯離子濃度CS(ASTM)..............81
4.2.3 時間因子m值計算(ASTM)..............84
4.2.4 瞬時擴散係數之推估方法(ASTM)..............86
4.3 氯離子入侵混凝土濃度量測及分析(AASHTO)..............88
4.3.1 配比HIC-C與配比HIC-M之濃度剖面..............88
4.3.2 視擴散係數(Dapp)與表面氯離子濃度(CS)..............90
4.3.3 時間因子m值計算(AASHTO)..............94
4.3.4 視擴散係數轉換成瞬時擴散係數之推估(AASHTO)..........99
4.3.5 表面氯離子濃度CS推估(AASHTO)..............100
4.3.6 AASHTO T259與ASTM C1556試驗結果比較..............102
4.4 服務年限推估..............106
4.4.1 時間內受氯離子入侵之服務年限(AASHTO)..............108
4.4.2 短時間內受氯離子入侵之服務年限(ASTM)..............110
4.5 配比HIC信賴度與亂數模擬..............112
第五章高溫養護之成效..............127
5.1 抗壓強度試驗..............127
5.2 孔隙率試驗..............129
5.2.1 混凝土孔隙率..............129
5.2.2 水泥漿體孔隙率..............131
5.3 氮氣吸附試驗結果與分析..............134
5.3.1 孔隙分布..............134
5.3.2 孔隙結構分類..............140
5.4 水貫入深度試驗..............145
5.5 乾縮試驗..............146
5.6 氯離子浸泡試驗(ASTM C1556)..............148
5.7 表面電阻率試驗..............156
5.8 試驗結果分析..............163
5.8.1 抗壓強度統計分析..............163
5.8.2 混凝土孔隙率統計分析..............165
5.8.3 圓柱試體電阻率..............170
5.8.4 板試體電阻率..............178
5.8.5 裂縫板試體電阻率..............179
第六章結論與建議..............183
6.1 結論..............183
6.2 建議..............185
參考文獻..............186
附錄..............192

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指導教授

黃偉慶

審核日期

2019-7-17

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