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姓名	林芩鈺(Cin-Yu Lin)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	地球科學學系
論文名稱	高頻非線性地動模擬－以羅東大比例尺地震儀陣列為例 (High frequency ground motion simulation with soil nonlinearity: a practice of LSST array)
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摘要(中)	在地震災損評估研究上，地動預估為廣為接受的手段，其中高頻地動模擬為一重要之方式。本研究所使用之地震動模擬方法，嘗試結合隨機式模擬及一維等效線性方法來進行。隨機式地動模擬技術為以符合地震學的物理假設方式，有效地考慮震源、路徑及場址效應，在前人研究多證明此方法可以合理評估頻譜表現及預估PGA。同時，考量地震波傳遞時，不同的場址條件將顯著影響地震波之特性，因此當進行地動模擬方法時，場址效應都應加以考慮進行修正，尤其隨著高強度地震動發生時，近地表的鬆軟土層有可能會產生非線性效應，對地震動的影響非常大，因此土壤非線性分析則須納入考量，常用之方式為於頻率域進行的等效線性法計算。 　　本研究為考量高頻及可能之土壤非線性效應，即利用兩種模擬技術優點的結合來進行地動預估，選用羅東大比例尺地震儀陣列 (LSST) 的地表及井下地震記錄為例，根據前人詳細調查之速度模型、土層構造，進行一維等效線性模擬於高震度時的非線性效應。以第一階段隨機式點震源模擬地震波至蘭陽平原鄰近LSST陣列的岩盤站ILA031，其模擬加速度記錄視為等效線性法的輸入波，經第二階段計算獲得LSST陣列土層表面的模擬波形以進行場址修正。經由經驗轉換函數進行場址修正後之隨機式點震源模擬於參考岩盤站模擬結果顯示，其頻率域及PGA表現皆與觀測記錄相符合，其誤差計算結果於DSPD值及PGA之誤差率 (σ_ln⁡Err ) 皆有效降低其模擬誤差。最後，本研究之結果顯示若使用適當的土壤剖面、剪力模數及阻尼比設定，透過兩階段隨機式模擬加上等效線性法之計算皆可以有效地預估觀測值，對於土壤受高強度震動之土壤非線性效應，其於較高頻訊號之壓抑放大現象亦能模擬呈現與觀測頻譜之相符趨勢，此模擬方法對於未來可能發生之大地震可有效進行相關之地動評估工作。
摘要(英)	Ground motion prediction has been widely accepted in seismic hazard studies, and high frequency ground motion simulation is quite important for engineering seismology in recent years. Ground motion simulations were conducted by combining stochastic method and one-dimensional equivalent-linear method in this study. Stochastic ground motion simulation technique can effectively consider the source, path and site effect, which depends on physical-based seismological knowledge from previous studies. Meanwhile, considering the site effect will efficiently affect different characteristics of the propagation of earthquake motions for different site conditions. It’s important to consider such effect for site correction in all kinds of the simulation method. The soil nonlinearity may be observed at soft soil sites, especially in high-intensity ground motion. Frequency domain equivalent linear analysis is one of the most common approaches for one-dimensional site response analysis. Thus, numerical modeling of site response is used to carry out the soil nonlinearity problem by the equivalent-linear method in this study. This study used the combination of the advantages of the two simulation techniques to estimate the high frequency ground motion accompanying with possible soil nonlinearity. Firstly, seismic data investigated velocity profile and soil dynamic parameters from the Large Scale Seismic Test (LSST) downhole array in Lotung, Taiwan were checked with one-dimensional simulations. Then, the first stage stochastic ground motion simulation was performed and verified to obtain simulated accelerograms at a rock site ILA031 near LSST in Yi-lan plain. The second stage, these accelerograms were regarded as the input motions for equivalent-linear method to obtain simulated accelerograms at soil surface of LSST array. The ILA031 station results after the site correction of empirical transfer function during stochastic point-source simulation in the first stage, the FAS and PGA prediction are well approximation to the observation records that the DSPD and the PGA error showed the obviously improved. Finally, if the suitable soil profile, shear modulus, and damping ratio could be effectively calculated by two stages of simulation technique including equivalent-linear method when comparing to the reality. The results showed the de-amplification comparing to the reality, results also show the overall good approximation. The proposed simulation method could help to evaluate future possible large earthquakes.
關鍵字(中)	★ 隨機式模擬 ★ 等效線性法	關鍵字(英)	★ LSST
論文目次	中文摘要 i 英文摘要 iii 誌謝 v 目錄 vi 圖目錄 viii 表目錄 xi 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 研究動機與目的 1 1-2 文獻回顧 3 1-3 內容簡介 7 第二章 研究區域及使用資料 9 2-1 地質背景及速度構造 9 2-2 LSST井下陣列 10 2-3 資料選取 12 2-3-1 土層剖面 12 2-3-2 剪力模數與阻尼比 12 2-3-3 參考岩盤站 (ILA031) 13 第三章 研究原理及方法 27 3-1 隨機式模擬原理 27 3-1-1 點震源模型 27 3-1-2 震源效應 28 3-1-3 路徑效應 29 3-1-4 場址效應 29 3-2 場址的土壤非線性效應 30 3-3 等效線性方法 31 3-3-1 一維系統剪力波傳遞 31 3-3-2 基盤與出露岩盤轉換 34 第四章 研究流程 38 4-1 隨機式點震源模擬 38 4-2 參考岩盤站之經驗場址修正 39 4-3 土層反應的SHAKE91計算 41 第五章 結果與討論 51 5-1 ILA031的地層轉換函數 51 5-2 ILA031隨機式點震源模擬結果 51 5-3 LSST陣列土層模型的驗證 53 5-4 LSST陣列之等效線性法場址修正 54 第六章 結論 76 參考文獻 78
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指導教授	溫國樑 黃雋彥(Kuo-Liang Wen Jyun-Yan Huang)	審核日期	2019-8-8
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