通用型籬笆碼空間調變訊號偵測之多碼率維特比球面解碼器設計

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姓名

王晢宇(Zhe-Yu Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程學系

論文名稱

通用型籬笆碼空間調變訊號偵測之多碼率維特比球面解碼器設計
(Viterbi-sphere Decoder for Trellis-coded Generalized Spatial Modulation with Multiple Code Rates)

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2024-12-2以後開放)

摘要(中)

索引調變(Index modulation)被認為是下一代重要的調變技術，利用了新的維度傳送資料增加頻譜效率(spectral efficiency)。在索引調變裡最為知名的是空間調變(spatial modulation)，空間調變只選擇部分天線傳送數據，減少了天線之間的干擾。通用型籬笆碼空間調變(trellis coded generalized spatial modulation, TCGSM)就是結合了空間調變和迴旋碼(convolutional coded)，並使用維特比演算法(Viterbi)解調並達到最大相似(maximum likelihood)結果。論文中主要探討如何將球面解碼(sphere decoding)與維特比演算法結合以實現軟決策(soft decision)，改變迴旋碼的編碼率使空間維度(空間維度)和星座圖的位元錯誤率(bit error rate)平衡，讓整體效能提高。考慮硬體實現使用了簡化型球面解碼(reduced sphere decoding)來減少球面解碼的硬體複雜度，以及減少序列長度(sequence length)以降低維特比演算法的記憶體數量，效能只劣化了大約0.4 dB。硬體方面則設計支援2根接收端天線，因為空間調變的特性，傳送端天線可以支援8至32根。硬體可以支援三種編碼率以及16QAM和QPSK共6種組合。以TSMC 40nm製程設計晶片，根據佈局後模擬數據顯示，最高時脈速度可達139.5 MHz，core面積1 mm^2，最大吞吐量可以達到5 Gbps，功率消耗161 mW。

摘要(英)

Index modulation is regarded as a promising modulation scheme for the next generation wireless communications. Because index modulation conveys digital data in the new domain, the spectral efficiency is increased. Spatial modulation is the most well-known style of index modulation. Spatial modulation conveys digital data by using part of the transmission antennas, thus reduces the inter-antenna interference. TCGSM combines convolutional coded and spatial modulation, and uses Viterbi decoder for maximum likelihood detection. In this paper the detector relying on the soft decision by combining the Viterbi decoder and sphere decoding is implemented. In order to improve overall performance and balance the bit error rate of spatial domain and constellation, multiple convolutional coded code rates are used. To facilitate hardware design, we use k-best to reduce the complexity of sphere decoding, and change the constraint length to reduce the number of memories of the Viterbi decoder. Although BER is degraded about 0.4 dB, hardware complexity can be reduced over 70%. The hardware supporting 2 receiver antennas is designed. There exists only the minimum requirement for the number of transmitting antennas because of the characteristics of the spatial modulation. Our design can support 3 code rates and two kinds of constellations including 16QAM and QPSK, a total of six combinations. The hardware is implemented in TSMC 40nm CMOS technology. According to the post-layout simulation, the maximum operating frequency achieves 139.5 MHz. The core area is 1 mm^2, and the maximum throughput can be up to 5 Gbps and the power consumption is 161 mW.

關鍵字(中)

★ 迴旋碼
★ 維特比解碼
★ 球面解碼
★ 簡化型球面解碼
★ 空間調變
★ 通用型籬笆碼空間調變

關鍵字(英)

★ convolurional encoder
★ Vitebi decoding
★ sphere decoding
★ K-best sphere decoding
★ spatial modulation
★ Trellis-coded generalized spatial modulation

論文目次

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖示目錄 V
表格目錄 IX
第一章緒論 1
1.1 簡介 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 論文組織 3
第二章系統模型( System Module) 4
2.1 MIMO系統模型(MIMO System Module) 4
2.2 通用型籬笆碼空間調變(Trellis-coded Generalized Spatial Modulation) 5
2.2.1 空間調變(Spatial Modulation) 5
2.2.2 球面解碼(Sphere Decoding) 6
2.2.3 迴旋碼(Convolutional Codes) 9
2.2.4 維特比演算法 11
2.3 通用型籬笆碼空間調變系統模型(TCGSM System Module) 15
2.3.1 通用型籬笆碼空間調變傳送端 15
2.3.2 通用型籬笆碼空間調變接收端 16
第三章通用型籬笆碼空間調變訊號偵測維特比球面解碼 18
3.1 系統規格 18
3.2 通道模型(Channel Model) 18
3.3 通用型籬笆碼空間調變改良方向 19
3.4 編碼簿(Code book) 21
3.5 維特比球面解碼(Viterbi sphere decoding) 22
第四章通用型籬笆碼調變訊號偵測之多碼率維特比球面解碼器硬體架構設計 29
4.1 系統架構簡介 29
4.2 硬體架構優化 33
4.2.1 歐氏距離近似 33
4.2.2 SE列舉法(Schnorr-Euchner enumeration) 35
4.2.3 簡化型球面解碼 37
4.2.4 減少序列長度 39
4.2.5 硬體優化結果 41
4.2.6 量化模擬 42
4.3 Branch Metric Unit硬體架構 44
4.3.1 初始階段和簡化階段 45
4.3.2 SE列舉法硬體實現 48
4.3.3 Branch Metric Unit硬體預估 49
4.3.4 簡化型球面解碼 [4 16 4 1] 52
4.4 Add Compare Select Unit硬體架構 55
4.4.1 實現多碼率 56
4.5 Survival Memory Unit硬體架構 57
4.5.1 追溯法(Trace-back Method) 57
4.5.2 暫存器交換法(Register exchange) 58
4.5.3 檢查溢位 60
第五章硬體實現 61
5.1 硬體設計流程 61
5.2 佈局平面圖 63
5.3 控制訊號 70
5.4 Post-sim 72
5.5 相關設計 74
第六章結論 76
參考資料 77

參考文獻

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指導教授

蔡佩芸(Pei-Yun Tsai)

審核日期

2019-12-2

推文