主動式相位控制調諧質量阻尼器之研發與實驗驗證

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羅偉宸(Wei-Chen Luo) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

主動式相位控制調諧質量阻尼器之研發與實驗驗證

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摘要(中)

本研究針對主動式調諧質量阻尼器(ATMD)，創新提出相位控制之主動控制律，且由結構回饋之量測值不同，分為「主動式相位控制律－結構位移回饋」(PCD)與「主動式相位控制律－結構絕對加速度回饋」(PCA)，從而研發出主動式相位控制調諧質量阻尼器(PC-ATMD)，並以單自由度結構加裝PC-ATMD案例進行各項值數值模擬，探討其減振效益與特性，最後以單自由度構架試體振動台實驗進行驗證。本研究所提出之主動式相位控制調諧質量阻尼器(PC-ATMD)，是於調諧質量阻尼器(TMD)與結構間施加控制力，其可即時調整調諧質量阻尼器之運動軌跡，使調諧質量阻尼器盡量保持與結構有度相位差，因此調諧質量阻尼器將有最大之能量流(Power Flow)，而有最佳之減振效果，且可避免TMD吸收之能量又傳回結構。研究結果表明，無論由頻率反應函數、動力歷時分析或振動台實驗皆可得出，PC-ATMD具有優異之減振效果，可有效降低地震力作用下之結構位移與加速度反應，且遠優於傳統被動式TMD。而與全狀態回饋之線性二次調節控制器(LQR)相比，PC-ATMD之減振效果與所需控制力皆可媲美，但量測數量可大幅減少，不需全狀態回饋；如為結構位移回饋之PCD-ATMD，僅需量測質量塊之相對速度及結構位移；如為結構絕對加速度回饋之PCA-ATMD，僅需量測質量塊之相對速度及結構絕對加速度。另外，主動控制實行時須確保系統之穩定，由系統穩定性分析可以得知，PCD-ATMD與PCA-ATMD皆為穩定可控之系統，且兩者之回饋增益參數對減振效果影響並不敏感，顯示本控制律具有良好之強健性。

摘要(英)

The present study aims at proposing innovative phase control methodologies for the active tuned mass damper (ATMD). The phase control active tuned mass damper (PC-ATMD) is first developed. According to the difference of measurement feedback, the phase control algorithm has two different types, phase control - displacement feedback (PCD) and phase control - abs. acceleration feedback (PCA). The essential of the phase control algorithm is to apply the control force between the tuned mass damper (TMD) and the structure to adjust the trajectory of the TMD in real time, so that the TMD can maintain a phase lag of 90 degrees with the structure as much as possible. Therefore, the TMD will have the maximum power flow and the best performance of vibration reduction. Moreover, the proposed phase control algorithm can also prevent the energy absorbed by the TMD from flowing back to the structure. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed phase control algorithm, a single-degree-of-freedom structure equipped with an ATMD is investigated by numerical analysis and verified by shaking table experiments. The results show that the performance of vibration reduction and the control force requirement of PC-ATMD are as well as LQR-ATMD(linear-quadratic regulator). Besides, PC-ATMD doesn′t need full state feedback. For instance, PCD-ATMD only needs to measure the relative velocity of TMD and structural displacement and PCA-ATMD only needs to measure the relative velocity of TMD and structural absolute acceleration. In addition, the system stability analysis shows that both PCD-ATMD and PCA-ATMD are stable systems. Furthermore, the feedback gain parameters are not sensitive to the vibration reduction, showing that the phase control algorithm has remarkable robustness.

關鍵字(中)

★ 調諧質量阻尼器
★ 主動控制
★ 相位控制
★ 能量流理論
★ 振動台實驗
★ 結構即時控制

關鍵字(英)

★ Tuned mass damper
★ Active control
★ Phase control
★ Power flow theory
★ Shaking table experiment
★ Structural real-time control

論文目次

摘要 ....................................... I
ABSTRACT....................................... II
目錄 ....................................... III
表目錄 ....................................... VII
圖目錄 ....................................... IX
第一章緒論................................... 1
1.1 研究背景與動機.......................... 1
1.2 文獻回顧................................ 2
1.3 研究內容................................ 5
第二章主動式調諧質量阻尼器之相位控制理論........ 7
2.1 相位控制之概念與原理..................... 7
2.2 結構加裝主動式調諧質量阻尼器之動力系統.... 8
2.3 主動式相位控制律推導－結構位移回饋........ 10
2.4 相位控制律之參數最佳化................... 12
2.5 主動式相位控制律－結構絕對加速度回饋...... 13
2.6 相位控制流程............................ 15
第三章結構加裝ATMD之數值模擬................... 21
3.1 地震歷時數值模擬........................ 21
3.1.1 高科技廠房結構加裝TMD與ATMD之動力系統..... 21
3.1.2 輸入之地震歷時.......................... 22
3.1.3 地震歷時下之反應........................ 23
3.2 頻率反應函數............................ 26
3.2.1 結構加裝PCD-ATMD之與頻率反應函數......... 26
3.2.2 結構加裝PCA-ATMD之頻率反應函數........... 27
3.2.3 結構位移頻率反應函數..................... 27
3.2.4 結構絕對加速度頻率反應函數............... 28
3.2.5 質量塊衝程頻率反應函數................... 28
3.2.6 主動控制力反應函數....................... 29
3.3 敏感度分析：PCD-ATMD系統................ 29
3.3.1 PCD-ATMD之增益係數敏感度分析............. 29
3.3.2 PCD-ATMD之振幅比敏感度分析............... 30
3.3.3 PCD-ATMD之TMD頻率比敏感度分析............ 31
3.3.4 PCD-ATMD之TMD阻尼比敏感度分析............ 31
3.3.5 PCD-ATMD之結構頻率敏感度分析............. 32
3.3.6 PCD-ATMD之結構阻尼比敏感度分析........... 33
3.4 敏感度分析：PCA-ATMD系統................ 33
3.4.1 PCA-ATMD之增益係數敏感度分析............. 33
3.4.2 PCA-ATMD之振幅比敏感度分析............... 34
3.4.3 PCA-ATMD之TMD頻率比敏感度分析............ 35
3.4.4 PCA-ATMD之TMD阻尼比敏感度分析............ 35
3.4.5 PCA-ATMD之結構頻率敏感度分析............. 36
3.4.6 PCA-ATMD之結構阻尼比敏感度分析........... 37
3.5 系統穩定性分析.......................... 37
3.5.1 PCD-ATMD系統穩定性分析.................. 38
3.5.2 PCA-ATMD系統穩定性分析.................. 38
第四章構架試體加裝ATMD之振動台實驗............. 77
4.1 實驗設備與配置.......................... 77
4.1.1 主結構配置.............................. 77
4.1.2 ATMD配置............................... 78
4.1.3 控制介面與量測儀器....................... 79
4.2 實驗構架系統識別........................ 80
4.3 ATMD參數設計............................ 81
4.4 摩擦補償模型............................ 82
4.4.1 摩擦補償目標............................ 82
4.4.2 摩擦補償模型............................ 83
4.4.3 參數辨識方法............................ 84
4.5 數位濾波器.............................. 84
4.6 輸入之地震歷時.......................... 85
第五章實驗結果與討論.......................... 97
5.1 實驗與數值模擬結果之比較................. 97
5.2 實驗中各ATMD案例之減振效果比較........... 98
5.3 相同震波下PGA值變化之影響................ 99
5.4 不同震波下之減振效果差異................. 101
第六章結論與建議.............................. 169
6.1 結論................................... 169
6.2 建議................................... 172
參考文獻 ....................................... 173
附錄A ....................................... 179
附錄B ....................................... 183

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指導教授

賴勇安(Yong-An Lai)

審核日期

2020-8-24

推文