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姓名 王植生(Chih-Sheng Wang) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 通訊工程學系 論文名稱 應用於SVC編碼視訊串流服務之IEEE 802.16e網路適應性無縫換手機制之研究
(An IEEE 802.16e Adaptive Seamless Handover Mechanism Design for SVC Coded Video Streaming Services)相關論文 檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]
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摘要(中) 未來的網路環境朝向使用者可以用任何裝置在任何地點、時間,存取網路的各種資源與服務,因此無縫換手的問題是近年來的熱門議題之一。然而從使用者的角度來看,能提供無縫換手不一定等同於能提供無縫服務,特別是視訊串流服務。而無論換手流程的進行有多快,MS都會因為buffer內能提供的解碼資源不足所以遭遇視訊播放中斷的情況。
另外一方面,Scalable Video Coding(SVC)是延伸於H.264/AVC的影像編碼技術,不但擁有低位元輸出率、高抗錯性能和網路友善性等優點,並採用分層編碼概念將不同特性的bit-stream送到IP網路上。SVC還提供了三種擴充性:空間、時間和訊噪比擴充性,因此可以根據網路狀況與用戶端裝置的能力動態調整最適當的bit-stream來傳送。因此SVC視訊編碼技術具有適合網路傳輸的優勢。
本論文提出預先做換手準備的換手機制,利用SVC編碼資料的特性以及802.16e具有的排程機制,將MS的buffer內的播放時間增長以度過換手時服務中斷的時間。
摘要(英) In recent years, many issues around seamless handover have been discussed. From the user’s experience of view, however, seamless handover is not equal to seamless service at all, especially for video streaming services. A mobile station can suffer a service interruption during the handover due to the lack of video data provided regardless how fast to finish the handover. On the other hand, the Scalable Video Coding can provide a flexible combination of layer representations to fit the channel condition and the capacity of the user station to maintain a reasonable video quality through the spatial, temporal, and quality scalabilities. Here, we propose a handover preparation mechanism, by which the SVC play-out buffer of a mobile station can be filled up with the base layer representation of the serving video stream before the handover is executed. Through the proposed mechanism, the video play out time will be extended, and thus, the video service keeps playing without any interruption during handover.
關鍵字(中) ★ 無縫換手機制
★ 視訊串流服務
★ 全球微波存取互通介面標準
★ 擴充性視訊編碼關鍵字(英) ★ Seamless Handover Mechanism
★ Mobile WiMAX
★ Streaming Services
★ Scalable Video Coding論文目次 目錄
摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………………I
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………II
誌謝……………………………………………………………………………………………………III
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………………………IV
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………………………………
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………………………………
第一章 序論……………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 前言……………………………………………………………………………..……1
1.2 研究動機……………………………………………………………………..……2
1.3 論文架構……………………………………………………………………..……4
第二章 相關背景及研究………………………………………………………………6
2.1 IEEE 802.16e無線網路介紹………………………………………………6
2.1.1 PHY layer of IEEE 802.16e………………………………………8
2.1.2 MAC layer of IEEE 802.16e……………………………………10
2.1.3 IEEE 802.16e的換手流程………………………………………14
2.2 SVC視訊編碼技術……………………………………………………………16
2.2.1 視訊編碼層(Video Coding Layer) ……………………………17
2.2.2 網路提取層(Network Abstraction Layer)………………18
2.2.3 空間擴充性(Spatial Scalability)………………………………22
2.2.3 時間擴充性(Temporal Scalability)…………………………23
2.2.3 訊噪比擴充性(SNR Scalability)………………………………23
第三章 運用SVC編碼特性的預備換手……………………………………25
3.1 無縫服務……………………………………………………………………………25
3.2 SVC視訊編碼特性………………………………………………………………26
3.3 針對SVC編碼資料特性做優先權分類………………………………28
3.4 提供無縫服務的IEEE 802.16e換手準備機制……………………34
3.5 無縫服務的換手預測與排程機制………………………………………35
第四章 實驗模擬與數據分析……………………………………………………41
4.1 實驗模擬方法………………………………………………………………………41
4.2 數據分析與結果…………………………………………………………………45
第五章 結論與未來研究……………………………………………………………54
5.1 結論……………………………………………………………………………………54
5.2 未來研究……………………………………………………………………………54
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………………………55
圖目錄
圖2.1.1 OFDM與OFDMA比較………………………………………………………6
圖2.1.2 TDD系統……………………………………………………………………………7
圖2.1.3 FDD系統……………………………………………………………………………7
圖2.1.4 802.16e在TDD模式下的OFDMA frame structure……………9
圖2.1.5 802.16 規格架構………………………………………………………………11
圖2.1.6 SFID與CID的對應關係……………………………………………………11
圖2.1.7 IEEE 802.16e標準中的換手流程……………………………………15
圖2.2.1 H.264/AVC在無線網路上傳輸架構…………………………………18
圖2.2.2 NAL unit stream…………………………………………………………………19
圖2.2.3 NAL unit header format……………………………………………………21
圖2.2.4 空間擴充性的Inter-frame Prediction………………………………22
圖2.2.5 時間擴充性的預測架構(Hierarchical B Picture) ……………23
圖3.3.1 Example of a coded video sequence……………………………………29
圖3.3.2 Example of different priority assignment……………………………31
圖3.3.3 IP Header Format…………………………………………………………………34
圖3.5.1 IEEE 802.16e QoS Support…………………………………………………36
圖3.5.2 RTP packetization of an SVC bit stream………………………………37
圖3.5.3 BS按照封包抵達的時間順序傳送……………………………………38
圖3.5.4 BS優先傳送base layer資料………………………………………………39
圖4.1.1 NS-2的網路模擬架構…………………………………………………………42
圖4.1.2 平常時的Scheduling scheme………………………………………………43
圖4.1.3 換手準備中的Scheduling scheme………………………………………44
圖4.2.1 第一種分類下利用多餘頻寬傳送EL的封包遺失率…………46
圖4.2.2 第一種分類下只將頻寬用來傳送BL的封包遺失率…………48
圖4.2.3 第二種分類下的封包遺失率………………………………………………49
圖4.2.4 換手前800ms到換手開始的封包接收數 (第一種分類)……50
圖4.2.5 換手前800ms到換手開始的封包接收數 (第二種分類)……51
圖4.2.6 兩種不同的分類方式所能增加的播放時間長度…….…………52
圖4.2.7 兩種分類方式在不同排程機制下消耗的頻寬……………………53
表目錄
表2.2.1 SVC NAL unit type……………………………………………………………20
表4.1.1 模擬的兩種分類方式…………………………………………………………45
參考文獻 [1] IEEE 802.16e-2005, “Air Interface for Fixed and MobileBroadband Wireless Access Systems”.
[2] WiMAX Forum ,“Mobile WiMAX-Part 1:A Technical Overview and Performance Evaluation ”, August 2006.
[3] WiMAX Forum, “Network Architecture Stage 2 and 3 —Release 1.0 (Revision 1.2)”, January 2008.
[4] H. Schwarz, D. Marpe, T. Wiegand, “Overview of the Scalable Video Coding Extension of the H.264/AVC Standard”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, VOL. 17, No.9, pages 560-576, Sep. 2007.
[5] T. Schierl, C. Hellge, S. Mirta, K. Gruneberg, T. Wiegand, "Using H.264/AVC-based Scalable Video Coding (SVC) for Real Time Streaming in Wireless IP Networks", Circuits and Systems, 2007. ISCAS 2007. IEEE International Symposium, pages 3455-3458, May 2007.
[6] S. Wenger, Y.-K. Wang, T. Schierl, "Transport and Signaling of SVC in IP Networks", Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE Transactions, Volume 17, pages 1164-1173, Sept. 2007.
[7] H.-L. Chen, P.-C. Lee, S.-H. Hu, "Improving Scalable Video Transmission over IEEE 802.11e through a Cross-Layer Architecture", Wireless and Mobile Communications, pages 241-246, Aug. 2008.
[8] J. Chen, C.-C. Wang, J.-D. Lee, "Pre-Coordination Mechanism for Fast Handover in WiMAX Networks", Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications, 2007. AusWireless 2007.The 2nd International Conference, pages 15-15, Aug. 2007.
[9] S. Choi, G.-H. Hwang, T. Kwon, A.-R. Lim, D.-H. Cho, “Fast Handover Scheme for Real-Time Downlink Services in IEEE 802.16e BWA System”, Vehicular Technology Conference, Volume 3, pages 2028- 2032, June 2005.
[10] W. Jiao, P. Jiang, Y. Ma, "Fast Handover Scheme for Real-Time Applications in Mobile WiMAX", Communications, 2007. ICC '07. IEEE International Conference, pages 6038-6042, June 2007.
[11] L. Chen, X. Cai, R. Sofia, Z. Huang, “A Cross-Layer Fast Handover Scheme For Mobile WiMAX”, Vehicular Technology Conference, pages 1578-1582, Sep. 2007.
[12] ISO/IEC 14496–10:2003, “Coding of Audiovisual Objects—Part 10: Advanced Video Coding,” 2003, also ITU-T Recommendation H.264“Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services.”
[13] R.Q. Hu, D. Paranchych, M. H. Fong, G. Wu, "On the Evolution of Handoff Management and Network Architecture in WiMAX", Mobile WiMAX Symposium, 2007. IEEE, pages 144-149, March 2007
[14] S. Park, J.-H. Yu, J.-T. Ihm, “A Performance Evaluation of Vertical Handoff Scheme between Mobile-WiMax and Cellular Networks”, Computer Communications and Networks, pages 894-899, Aug. 2007.
[15] W. Lee, E. Kim, J. Kim, I. Lee, C. Lee, “Movement-Aware Vertical Handoff of WLAN and Mobile WiMAX for Seamless Ubiquitous Access”, Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions, Volume 53, Issue 4, Pages 1268 – 1275, Nov. 2007.
[16] Network Simulator, ns-2, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns
[17] Wimax Module for ns-2, NIST, http://w3.antd.nist.gov/seamlessandsecure/
[18] T. Stockhammer, M.M. Hannuksela, T. Wiegand, “H.264/AVC in wireless environments”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Volume 13, Issue 7, pages 657-673, July 2003.
[19] Y.-K. Wang, M.M. Hannuksela, S. Pateux, A. Eleftherianis, S. Wenger, “System and Transport Interface of SVC”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, VOL.17, No.9, pages 1149-1163, Sep. 2007.
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