歐規之高對比度近遠燈設計與雜散光分析

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：71

、訪客IP：3.141.27.207

姓名

謝承諺(Cheng-Yan Hsieh) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

歐規之高對比度近遠燈設計與雜散光分析
(Optical Design and Stray-light Analysis for High-contrast low/high Beam Meeting Various Regulations)

相關論文

★ 氮化鋁鎵深紫外光發光二極體高光效之封裝研究	★ 精準色彩取像與顯示系統之設計與製作
★ 符合多種道路路面需求之通用型路燈設計	★ 利用編碼孔徑之高亮度高光譜成像系統
★ 應用DMD提高幀率之數位光學相位共軛投影系統之研究	★ 應用四步相移解碼多階相位之消除碟片位移雜訊之研究
★ 費奈爾透鏡之光學效率與雜散光分析	★ 用於牙齒頻譜的多點量測之高光譜系統
★ 結合全像光學元件的微型化數位全像顯微鏡	★ 隨讀取位置改變之多頁繞射疊加訊號之相位誤差容忍度分析
★ 多波繞射疊加訊號法之參考光位置誤差分析	★ 使用方解石於數位全像顯微系統的深度測量系統
★ 陣列式燈具光學特性快速量測之研究	★ 使用透鏡陣列做為屏幕之數位光學相位共軛投影系統與適應性光學優化之研究
★ 使用體積全像光學波導之可變焦無透鏡數位全像顯微鏡	★ 體積全像光學元件之波長及角度選擇性

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

本論文中，主要以通過德國自行車近遠燈法規 (StVZO 22A TA23,K-mark) 及聯合國歐洲經濟委員會 (the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, UNECE) 制定的Regulation No. 113 Revision 3 Class B機車近遠燈法規作為設計目標。首先，我們針對多款市售高功率車規白光LED光源來分析其光學特性，在考量其光學特性及成本後，選定最符合需求的LED光源，並以達到市售同級最小的燈具尺寸進行二次光學設計。本文並探討二次光學機構造成投射光型明暗對比度不佳，致使暗區能量過高而無法通過法規的原因。如何在設計之初建立引起雜散光的結構模型，以及優化二次光學機構以抑制雜散光為本篇論文之研究重點。
本設計雖然為單一反光鏡，但透過光場管理，針對近遠燈光源進行多區塊反光杯設計，使其能同時通過K-mark以及ECE class B之近遠燈法規規範，提供高對比度的光型，同時提供發散角約30度的道路照明。

摘要(英)

In this thesis, we aim to design a white LED head lamp to meet Germany regulation of StVZO 22A TA23 (so called K-mark), and Regultaion No. 113 Revision 3 Class B (by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, UNECE). At first, we compare among commercial vehicle headlamp with LEDs to analyze their optical properties. In order to design a high-contrast low/high beam headlamp in single optical reflector, we start from checking several high-quality power white LED and analyze the optical properties, and then select the most appropriate one with considering the performance and cost. In the meantime, we discuss the secondary optical mechanism between darkzone and the projecting light pattern area that cause the cut-off line to be blurrier than we designed cause darkzone area of illuminance too high would fail the regulation. Additionally, we discuss how to establish a stray light model design in the beginning, and then modify the secondary optical mechanism to suppress the stray light.
Although this design is a single reflector, by using light field management, we can aim the certain area of reflector for integrated low/high beams meet multiple regulations. Also, an additional benefit is providing high-contrast light parttetn for the rider, and also provide ground illumination with a divergent beam of 30 degrees at the same time.

關鍵字(中)

★ 光學設計
★ 近光燈
★ 遠光燈
★ 單一光學反光杯
★ K-mark
★ E-mark

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 IV
目錄 VI
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XV
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 市售車頭燈一覽 3
1-3 論文大綱 5
第二章基礎原理 6
2-1 光度學 6
2-2 光展量 11
2-3 中場擬合法 13
第三章 LED車前燈照明規範 16
3-1德國 STVZO 22A NO. 23法規 16
3-2歐洲UNECE規範NO. 113法規 20
第四章 LEDS車前燈之光學設計與光學特性分析 25
4-1 市售LEDS光源特性 25
4-2 光學設計流程 26
4-3 光學反光杯對於光場之調製能力 27
第五章高對比度LED車前燈通過STVZO及UNECE CLASS B之光學設計與驗證 30
5-1 LED近遠燈光學設計 31
5-2 LED車前燈通過STVZO及UNECE CLASS B模擬與驗證 32
5-2-1 反光杯光展量分析應用於LED車前燈 33
5-2-2 K-MARK 規範檢測 35
5-2-3 UNECE NO.113 CLASS B規範檢測 37
5-2-4 道路照明檢測 42
5-2-5 反射杯樣品驗證 45
第六章下打式反光杯之抑制雜光分析 56
6-1 重新設計反光杯段面模擬及實驗 57
6-2 通過法規之優化光杯 59
6-2-1 打樣品材料分析 59
6-2-2光學面之遮擋抑制雜散光處理 64

6-3反光杯加入倒角及三維建模分析 67
第七章結論 75
參考文獻 78
中英文名詞對照表 82

參考文獻

1.何家沂，台灣單車乘「風」而「行」，cast net 第248期，2016。
2.單車時代，疫情推動全球電動自行車風潮美利達試乘會3/13日台北首發，單車時代，2021。
3.S. R. Chekroud, R. Gueorguieva, A. B. Zheutlin, M. Paulus, H. M. Krumholz, J. H. Krystal, and A. M. Chekroud, “Association between physical exercise and mental health in 12 million individuals in the USA between 2011 and 2015: a cross-sectional study,” The Lancet Psychiatry 5, 739-746 (2018).
4.J. K. Cooney, R. J. Law, V. Matschke, A. B. Lemmey, J. P. Moore, Y. Ahmad, J. G. Jones, P. Maddison, and J. M. Thom, “Benefits of exercise in rheumatoid arthritis,” J. Aging Res. 2011, 681640 (2011).
5.J. Vina, F. Sanchis-Gomar, V. Martinez-Bello, and M. C. Gomez-Cabrera, “Exercise acts as a drug; the pharmacological benefits of exercise,” Br. J. Pharmacol 167, 1-12 (2012).
6.M. A. Febbraio, “Exercise metabolism in 2016: Health benefits of exercise - more than meets the eye!” Nat. Rev. Endocrinol 13, 72-74 (2017).
7.I. Momken, L. Stevens, A. Bergouignan, D. Desplanches, F. Rudwill, I. Chery, A. Zahariev, S. Zahn, T. P. Stein, J. L. Sebedio, E. Pujos-Guillot, M. Falempin, C. Simon, V. Coxam, T. Andrianjafiniony, G. Gauquelin-Koch, F. Picquet, and S. Blanc, “Resveratrol prevents the wasting disorders of mechanical unloading by acting as a physical exercise mimetic in the rat,” FASEB J. 25, 3646-3660 (2011).
8.R. W. Motl, and B. M. Sandroff, “Benefits of Exercise Training in Multiple Sclerosis,” Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 15, 62 (2015).
9.M. Roizen, “The Exercise Pill — Too Good to Be True?” Yearbook of Anesthesiology and Pain Management 359, 318-319 (2009).
10.K. R. Sechrist, S. N. Walker, and N. J. Pender, “Development and psychometric evaluation of the exercise benefits/barriers scale,” Research in nursing & health 10, 357-365 (1987).
11.A. Matsakas, and V. A. Narkar, “Endurance exercise mimetics in skeletal muscle,” Current sports medicine reports 9, 227-232 (2010).
12.G. D. Curfman, “The Health Benefits of Exercise--A Critical Reappraisal,” Mass Medical Soc., (1993).
13.L. L. Craft, and F. M. Perna, “The benefits of exercise for the clinically depressed,” Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry 6, 104 (2004).
14.K. Mikkelsen, L. Stojanovska, M. Polenakovic, M. Bosevski, and V. Apostolopoulosa, “Exercise and mental health,” Maturitas 106, 48-56 (2017).
15.S. M. Esther, and M. A. Francisco, “The Electric Bicycle: Worldwide Research Trends,” Energies 11, 1894 (2018).
16.Joachim Hofer, “Why 2020 will be the year of e-bikes,” Handelsblatt (2020).
17.文婧，歐洲騎車是享受更是尊嚴，新紀元周刊第098期， 2008。
18.林芷揚，騎腳踏車趴趴走、海邊散步喝咖啡！荷蘭人快樂退休的秘密，今周刊，2018。
19.龔維德，荷蘭自行車生活與文化，荷事生非， 2014。
20.陳宗慶，運動及自行車產業疫後逆勢看揚，工商時報，2021。
21.Money DJ，後疫情時代，自行車添翼加速起飛，財訊，2020。
22.張蕙娟，全球移轉應變的台灣自行車產業，兩岸經貿網，2019。
23.趙慶翔，《DJ在線》E-Bike多夯?台灣未來怎麼走?，MoneyDJ理財網，2019。
24.陳仕洲，移動性污染源排放廢氣中戴奧辛/呋喃之特徵，國立成功大學環境工程所博士論文，中華民國九十七年。
25.陳宜佳，汽車排放空氣污染物控制對策減量評估研究，國立成功大學環境工程所碩士論文，中華民國八十九年。
26.Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, “Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung StVZO 22a, 2015 3rd version,” https://www.kba.de/DE/Home/ home_node.html.
27.“ECE,” http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29regs101-120.html.
28.Supernova website, https://supernova-lights.com/supernova/.
29.BUSCH + MÜLLER website, https://www.bumm.de/de/.
30.SATE∙LITE website, https://www.satelitebikelight.com/.
31.LEZYNE website, https://ride.lezyne.com/.
32.BRIGHTSTARTW website, https://brightstartw.com/.
33.ROMIX website, https://www.roxim.net/.
34.DOSUN website, http://www.dosun.us/index.php.
35.SON website, https://nabendynamo.de/en/.
36.BENEX website, https://www.lordbenex.com/.
37.大田登，色彩工程學：理論與應用，全華圖書股份有限公司，中華民國九十七年。
38.A. M. Colman, A Dictionary of Psychology (Oxford University Press, 2009).
39.V. N. Mahajan, Optical Imaging and Aberrations: Ray Geometrical Optics. (SPIE, 1998).
40.M. S. Tsai, C. C. Sun*, T. H. Yang, C. S. Wu, S. K. Lin, and X. H. Lee, “Robust optical design for high-contrast cut-off line in vehicle forward lighting,”OSA Continuum 2(4), 1080-1088 (2019).
41.J. M. Palmer, and B. G. Grant, The Art of Radiometry (SPIE 2009).
42.C. C. Sun, T. X. Lee, S. H. Ma, Y. L. Lee, and S. M. Huang, “Precise optical modeling for LED lighting verified by cross correlation in the midfield region,” Opt. Lett. 31, 2193-2195 (2006).
43.W. T. Chien, C. C. Sun, and I. Moreno, “Precise optical model of multi-chip white LEDs,” Opt. Express 15, 7572–7577 (2007).
44.C. C. Sun, W. T. Chien, I. Moreno, C. C. Hsieh, and Y. C. Lo, “Analysis of the far-field region of LEDs,” Opt. Express 17, 13918-13927 (2009).
45.BRO ASAP, http://www.breault.com/software/asap-features.
46.臺灣監理法規檢索系統，車輛型式安全及品質一致性審驗作業要點， https://www.mvdis.gov.tw/webMvdisLaw/LawContent.aspx?LawID=B0023012.
47.OSRAM GmbH, https://www.osram.com/cb/
48.Cree Inc., https://cree-led.com/
49.C. C. Sun, C. S. Wu, C. Y. Hsieh, Y. H. Lee, S. K. Lin, T. X. Lee, T. H. Yang, and Y. W. Yu, “Single reflector design for integrated low/high beam meeting multiple regulations with light field management,” Opt. Express 29(12), 18865-18875 (2021).
50.孫慶成，LED 的效率極限與照明光學設計的極致，LED固態照明研討會論文集，中華民國九十八年。
51.楊凱宇，高功率 LED 之歐規自行車前燈設計，國立中央大學光電所碩士論文，中華民國九十八年。
52.馮世典，德規 LED 自行車前燈光學設計與驗證，國立中央大學光電所碩士論文，中華民國一百年。
53.吳健君，LED 投射聚光型燈具與封裝晶粒大小之關係，國立中央大學光電所碩士論文，中華民國一百零二年。
54.蔡直佑，高光效多功能LED投射光形之研究，國立中央大學光電所博士論文，中華民國一百零四年。
55.蔡明修，增加高對比度LED車燈生產容忍度之光學設計研究，國立中央大學光電所博士論文，中華民國一百零七年。
56.陳觀宇，高光效遠距離投射燈之研究，國立中央大學光電所碩士論文，中華民國一百零七年。
57.吳同，失效LED車頭燈的截止線光形重建之研究，國立中央大學光電所碩士論文，中華民國一百零八年。
58.李宇翔，歐規單一光學反光鏡之高亮度近遠燈研究，國立中央大學光電所碩士論文，中華民國一百零九年。.
59.R. Karlicek, C. C. Sun, G. Zissis, R. Ma, Handbook of Advanced Lighting Technology (Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2017).
60.G. Craford, “LEDs for solid state lighting and other emerging applications: status, trends, and challenges,” Proc. SPIE 5941, 1-10 (2005).
61.C. J. Chou, Y. Y. Wang, and K. S. Chen, “Cyclist′s daily cycling experiences, leisure involvement and travel demand preference,” Asia Pacific J. Tour. Res. 7, 71-89 (2012).
62.Katrin Terpitz and Florian Kolf, “German e-bike bonanza recharges a sector’s fortunes,” Handelsblatt (2019).
63.Joachim Hofer, “E-bike instead of company car: Ex-car manager Luksch wants to get commuters to switch,” Handelsblatt (2020).
64.ISO 6742-12015 - Estonian Centre for Standardisation, https://www.evs.ee/products/iso-6742-1-2015.
65.A. Cvetkovic, O. Dross, J. Chaves, P. Benítez, J. Miñano, and R. Mohedano, “Etendue-preserving mixing and projection optics for high-luminance LEDs, applied to automotive headlamps,” Opt. Express 14, 13014-13020 (2006).
66.F. Chen, K. Wang, Z. Qin, D. Wu, X. Luo, and S. Liu, “Design method of high-efficient LED headlamp lens,” Opt. Express 18, 20926-20938 (2010).
67.X. Zhu, Q. Zhu, H. Wu, and C. Chen, “Optical design of LED-based automotive headlamps,” Optics & Laser Technology 45, 262-266 (2013).
68.C. Hsieh, Y. Li, and C. Hung, “Modular design of the LED vehicle projector headlamp system,” Appl. Opt. 52, 5221-5229 (2013).
69.A. Ge, W. Wang, Z. Du, P. Qiu, J. Wang, and J. Cai, “High-energy-efficiency optical system for an LED-based headlamp architecture,” Appl. Opt. 52, 8318-8323 (2013).
70.H. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Li, and P. Ge, “Design of a newly projected light-emitting diode low-beam headlamp based on microlenses,” Appl. Opt. 54, 1794-1801 (2015).
71.H. Chen, J. Zhou, and Y. Zhou, “Stacking illumination of a confocal reflector light emitting diode automobile headlamp with an asymmetric triangular prism,” Appl. Opt. 56, 1087-1093 (2017).
72.P. Ge, Y. Li, Z. Chen, and H. Wang, “LED high-beam headlamp based on free-form microlenses,” Appl. Opt. 53, 5570-5575 (2014).
73.Schmidt Original Nabendynamo website, https://nabendynamo.de/en/.
74.J. Y. Cai, Y. C. Lo, S. T. Feng, and C. C. Sun, “Design of a highly efficient LED-based bicycle head lamp with additional ground illumination,” Lighting Research & Technology 46, 747-753 (2014).
75.R. J. Koshel, Illumination Engineering: Design with Nonimaging Optics (Wiley, 2013).
76.C. C. Sun, Y. C. Lo, C. C. Tsai, X. H. Lee, and W. T. Chien, “Anti-glare LED projection lamp based on an optical design with a confocal double-reflector,” Opt. Commun. 285, 4207-4210 (2012).
77.CIE 1988 2° spectral luminous efficiency functions of photopic vision, CIE Publication No. 86 (1988b).

指導教授

余業緯(Yeh-Wei Yu)

審核日期

2021-8-16

推文