結合儲電之電動車充電站能源管理系統

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楊捷帆(CHIEH-FAN YANG) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程學系

論文名稱

結合儲電之電動車充電站能源管理系統
(Energy Management System for Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Battery Energy Storage System)

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摘要(中)

隨著環保意識的抬頭，節能減碳是現今全球產業發展的重點，為了改善汽機車二氧化碳排放量的問題，逐漸發展出電動車等相關技術，再加上各國政策的推動，電動車將成為未來發展的方向。太陽光電系統受太陽光照度及環境溫度等因素影響，輸出功率具有高間歇性，由於功率瞬間變化量大，將造成電源供應不穩定。因此，本論文提出一能源管理系統，應用於具有太陽光電系統及電池儲能系統的電動車充電站，透過控制電池儲能系統的輸出功率，來達到提高能源使用效率及降低電動車充電站營運成本之目的。能源管理系統使用AAEON的嵌入式電腦BOXER-6641做為硬體，並整合華城電機EVALUE電動車充電站，能源管理系統收集電網電力資訊儲存並上傳雲端。本論文首先介紹電動車充電站硬體架構及電動車充電槍規格，接著介紹包含太陽光能平滑化之能源管理系統之通訊架構及調度模式。在能源管理系統之自動頻率控制模式中，偵測市電頻率變動，並根據調頻備轉輔助服務之調度曲線，透過控制電池儲能系統輸出功率來穩定市電的頻率，維持電力品質；在能源管理系統之契約容量模式中，電池儲能系統用來補償超過契約容量之負載功率，避免市電超約；在能源管理系統之時間電價模式中，電價低時市電對電池儲能系統充電，電價高時由電池儲能系統供電，不足的由市電供電。最後，利用模擬與實驗結果驗證所提出能源管理系統之成效。

摘要(英)

With the rising of environmental awareness, the energy saving and carbon reduction are the focus of global industrial development today. In order to improve the problem of carbon dioxide emissions of automobiles, electric vehicles and other related technologies have been gradually developed. Owing to the promotion of policies of many countries, electric vehicles will become the direction of future development. Moreover, due to the variation of the illumination and temperature, the intermittent characteristics of a photovoltaic (PV) power system will cause negative impacts on power systems. This thesis proposes an energy management system (EMS) for the electric vehicle charging stations with PV power system and battery energy storage system (BESS). By controlling the input and output power of the BESS, the goal of improving energy efficiency and reducing the operating cost of the electric vehicle charging stations can be achieved. Furthermore, the EMS uses AAEON′s embedded computer BOXER-6641 as the host in Fortune Electric EVALUE electric vehicle charging station, which collects power information of the charging station and uploads it to the cloud. This thesis first introduces the hardware architecture of the electric vehicle charging station and the specifications of the electric vehicle charging plug, and then introduces the communication architecture and various modes of the EMS in detail. In the automatic frequency control (AFC) mode, the output power of the BESS is controlled according to the dReg and sReg dispatch curves to stabilize the frequency of grid. In the contract capacity mode, the BESS is used to compensate for the load power without exceeding the contract capacity. In the real time pricing mode, when the electricity price is high, the BESS is charged, and when the electricity price is high, the BESS is discharged. Finally, various simulation and experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed EMS for the electric vehicle charging stations.

關鍵字(中)

★ 能源管理系統
★ 電動車充電站
★ 太陽光電系統
★ 電池儲能系統
★ 自動頻率控制

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XVI
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.3 本文貢獻 4
1.4 論文大綱 5
第二章電動車充電站架構 7
2.1 硬體架構 7
2.2 設備規格 8
2.2.1 Solar Panels 8
2.2.2 PV inverter 9
2.2.3 BESS 11
2.2.4 PCS 13
2.2.5 AC Charger 14
2.2.6 DC Charger 16
第三章電動車充電站諧波問題 17
3.1 諧波問題 17
3.2 電動車充電槍規格 21
3.2.1 SAE J1772 21
3.2.2 CCS1 25
3.2.3 CHAdeMO 28
3.3 解決方法與量測結果 30
第四章能源管理系統介紹 35
4.1 硬體設備 35
4.1.1 BOXER-6641 35
4.1.2 WoMaster RS-328 37
4.1.3 PM-2218 38
4.1.4 Global Positioning System-SCC2010 40
4.1.5 JLS-LM 42
4.1.6 ADAM-6066 43
4.2 通訊架構 44
4.2.1 Modbus 45
4.2.2 CAN bus 48
4.2.3 系統通訊架構 49
4.3 能源管理系統 50
4.3.1 自動頻率控制模式 51
4.3.2 契約容量模式 54
4.3.3 時間電價模式 56
4.3.4 太陽光電功率平滑化控制模式 60
4.3.5 燈控系統 60
第五章電動車充電站能源管理模擬 63
5.1 Case 1 PV輸出30kW對負載供電，多餘的再對電池儲能系統充電 66
5.1.1 Case 1a 負載＞30kW 66
5.1.2 Case 1b 負載≦30kW 69
5.2 Case 2 PV輸出功率為0時，市電優先供電，電池儲能系統其次 73
5.2.1 Case 2a 負載＞30kW 73
5.2.2 Case 2b 負載≦30kW 76
5.3 Case 3 滿載時，PV輸出30kW、電池儲能系統輸出30kW、市電供電給負載 80
5.4 Case 4 時間電價模式(24hr滿載) 84
5.4.1 Case 4a PV輸出30kW，電價>2.8(電池放電) 85
5.4.2 Case 4b PV輸出30kW，電價>2.8(電池放完電) 89
5.4.3 Case 4c PV輸出功率為0時，電價>2.8(電池放完電) 93
5.4.4 Case 4d PV輸出功率為0時，電價<2.8(市電對儲能充電) 98
第六章儲能自動頻率控制介紹 103
6.1 調頻備轉輔助服務 103
6.1.1 dReg 103
6.1.2 sReg 104
6.2 儲能自動頻率控制 104
6.2.1 放電最大化 105
6.2.2 充電最大化 108
6.2.3 最小吞吐量 111
6.3 性能測試 114
6.3.1 步階輸出/輸入功率測試 115
6.3.2 頻率掃描測試 117
6.3.3 額定功率放電持續時間測試 120
6.3.4 額定功率充電持續時間測試 122
6.3.5 結論 124
第七章結論與未來研究方向 125
7.1 結論 125
7.2 未來研究方向 126
參考文獻 127
作者簡歷 133

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指導教授

林法正

審核日期

2021-8-18

推文