參考文獻 |
[1] “Record wind and solar - but also record coal and emissions,” https://ember-climate.org/insights/research/global-electricity-review-2022/
[2] “AR6 Climate Change 2021:The Physical Science Basis,” https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
[3] 〈COP26:三大重點,帶你看懂至關重要的格拉斯哥氣候會議〉,取自https://e-info.org.tw/node/232620.
[4] 〈COP26:氣候變化、淨零排放目標和達到目標的七條路〉,取自https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-59252590.
[5] “COP26 GOALS,” https://ukcop26.org/cop26-goals/.
[6] 〈COP26系列十三:高碳排產業如何衝刺淨零?綠色氫能將是重要解方〉,取自https://www.delta-foundation.org.tw/blogdetail/3213.
[7] R. Haider, Y. C. Wen, Z. F. Ma, D. P. Wilkinson, L. Zhang, X. X. Yuan, S. Q. Song, and J. J. Zhang, “High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells: progress in advanced materials and key technologies,” Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 50, pp. 1138-1187, 2021.
[8] 〈國際氫能政策發展概述〉,取自https://km.twenergy.org.tw/Document/reference_more?id=223.
[9] 〈能源轉型白皮書(核定本)〉,取自https://energywhitepaper.tw/pdf/1091118_%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%89%E5%9E%8B%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8%E6%A0%B8%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%AC.pdf
[10] 〈綠能政策再加碼 2025年太陽光電跳3倍〉,取自https://www.storm.mg/article/132859.
[11] 〈以氫燃料電池實現能源循環,促進我國淨零排放願景實現〉,取自https://trh.gase.most.ntnu.edu.tw/tw/article/content/263.
[12] Johnson Matthey PLC, “The fuel cell today industry review 2011 technical report,” Fuel Cell Today, 2011.
[13] K. Kordesch, G. Simader, “Fuel cells and their applications,” VCH Weinheim, 1996.
[14] Y. F. Zhai, H. M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and D. M. Xing, “A novel H3PO4/Nafion-PBI composite membrane for enhanced durability of high temperature PEM fuel cells,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 169, pp. 259-264, 2007.
[15] R. He, Q. Li, G. Xiao, and N. J. Bjerrum, “Proton conductivity of phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole and its composites with inorganic proton conductors,” Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 226, pp. 169-184, 2003.
[16] L. A. Zook, and J. Leddy, “Density and solubility of nafion: Recast, annealed, and commercial films,” Analytical Chemistry, vol. 68, pp. 3793-3796, 1996.
[17] H. Y. Jung, and J. W. Kim, “Role of the glass transition temperature of Nafion 117 membrane in the preparation of the membrane electrode assembly in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC),” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, pp. 12580-12585, 2012.
[18] R. B. Sandor, “PBI (Polybenzimidazole): Synthesis, Properties and Applications,” High Performance Polymers, vol. 2, pp. 25-37, 1990.
[19] P. Staiti, M. Minutoli, and S. Hocevar, “Membranes based on phosphotungstic acid and polybenzimidazole for fuel cell application,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 90, pp. 231-235, 2000.
[20] Z. H. Shang, R. Wycisk, P. Pintauro, “Electrospun Composite Proton-Exchange and Anion-Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells,” Energies, Vol. 14, 2021.
[21] H. N. Su, S. J. Liao, T. Shu, H. L. Gao, “Performance of an ultra-low platinum loading membrane electrode assembly prepared by a novel catalyst sprayed membrane technique”, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 195, pp. 756-761, 2010.
[22] “Toray Engineering Co., Ltd.,” http://www.toray eng.com/lcd/coater/lineup/esc.html
[23] H. Morikawa, N. Tsuihiji, T. Mitsui, and K. Kanamura, “Preparation of Membrane Electrode Assembly for Fuel Cell by Using Electrophoretic Deposition Process”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 151, pp. 1733-1737, 2004.
[24] S. Cuynet, A. Caillard, T. Lecas, J. Bigarre, P. Buvat, P. Brault, “Deposition of Pt inside Fuel Cell Electrodes Using High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering”, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 47, pp. 272001, 2014.
[25] M. S. Cogenli, S. Mukerjee, A. B. Yurtcan, “Membrane Electrode Assembly with Ultralow Platinum Loading for Cathode Electrode of PEM Fuel Cell by Using Sputter Deposition”, Fuel Cells, Vol. 15, pp. 288-297, 2015.
[26] A. Khan, B. K. Nath, J. Chutia, “Nanopillar Structured Platinum with Enhanced Catalytic Utilization for Electrochemical Reactions in PEMFC”, Electrochim Acta, Vol. 146, pp. 171-177, 2014.
[27] M. S. Saha, A. F. Gull´, R. J. Allen, S. Mukerjee, “High Performance Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells with Ultra-Low Pt Loading Electrodesprepared by Dual Ion-Beam Assisted Deposition”, Electrochim Acta, Vol. 51, pp. 4680-4692, 2006.
[28] 〈台灣儀器科技研究中心〉,取自https://www.itrc.narl.org.tw/Bulletin/News/ald.php
[29] T. Shu, D. Dang, D. W. Xu, R. Chen, S. J. Liao, C. T. Hsieh, A. Su, H. Y. Song, L. Du, “High-Performance MEA Prepared by Direct Deposition of Platinum on the Gas Diusion Layer Using an Atomic Layer Deposition Technique”, Electrochim Acta, Vol. 177, pp. 168-173, 2015.
[30] N. Cunningham, E. Irissou, M. Lefe`vre, M. C. Denis, D. Guay, “PEMFC Anode with very Low Pt Loadings Using Pulsed Laser Deposition”, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, Vol. 6, pp. 125-128, 2003.
[31] H. Qayyum, C. J. Tseng, T. W. Huang, S. Y. Chen, “Pulsed Laser Deposition of Platinum Nanoparticles as a Catalyst for High-Performance PEM Fuel Cells”, Catalysts, Vol. 6, pp. 180, 2016.
[32] T. W. Huang, H. Qayyum, G. R. Lin, S. Y. Chen, C. J. Tseng, “Production of High-Performance and Improved-Durability Pt-Catalyst/Support for Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells with Pulsed Laser Deposition”, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 49, pp. 255601, 2016.
[33] 陳晧軒:〈以滴塗製程控制Nafion自組織成膜並提升質子傳導與燃料電池功率密度〉,碩士論文,國立中央大學,中華民國一百一十年六月。
[34] H. Xu, E. Brosha, F. Garzon, F. Uribe, M. Wilson, B. Pivovar, “The Effect of Electrode Ink Processing and Composition Catalyst Utilization”, Electrochemical Society Transactions, Vol. 11, pp. 383–391, 2007.
[35] C. Wang, M. Waje, X. Wang, J. M. Tang, R. C. Haddon, Y. Yan, “Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells with Carbon Nanotube based Electrodes”, Nano Lett, Vol. 4, pp. 345–348, 2004.
[36] N. Cunningham, E. Irissou, M. Lefe`vre, M. C. Denis, D. Guay, “PEMFC Anode with very Low Pt loadings using pulsed laser deposition”, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, Vol. 6, pp. 125-128, 2003.
[37] W. Mroz, B. Budner, W. Tokarz, P. Piela, M. L. Korwin-Pawlowski, “Ultra-Low-Loading Pulsed-Laser-Deposited Platinum Catalyst Films for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 273, pp. 885-893, 2015.
[38] F. F. Onana, N. Guillet, A. M. AlMayouf, “Modifed Pulse Electrodeposition of Pt Nanocatalyst as High-Performance Electrode for PEMFC”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 271, pp. 401-405, 2014.
[39] R. Haider, Y. C. Wen, Z. F. Ma, D. P. Wilkinson, L. Zhang, X. X. Yuan, S. Q. Song, and J. J. Zhang, “High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells: progress in advanced materials and key technologies,” Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 50, pp. 1138-1187, 2021.
[40] L. C. Xia, M. Ni, Y. W. Dai, K. Q. Zheng, and M. X. Li, “Numerical study of triple-phase boundary length in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell,” International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 46 pp.1998-2010, 2022.
[41] T. Myles, L. Bonville, and R. Maric, “Catalyst, Membrane, Free Electrolyte Challenges, and Pathways to Resolutions in High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells,” Catalysts, vol. 7, pp. 16, 2017.
[42] Z. Zhou, O. Zholobko, X. F. Wu, T. Aulich, J. Thakare, and J. Hurley, “Polybenzimidazole-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for High-Temperature Fuel Cells: Current Status and Prospects,” Energies, vol. 14, pp. 135, 2021.
[43] M. Boaventura, A. Mendes, “Activation procedures characterization of MEA based on phosphoric acid doped PBI membranes,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 35, pp. 11649-11660, 2010.
[44] S. Galbiati, et al., “On the activation of polybenzimidazole-based membrane electrode assemblies doped with phosphoric acid,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 37, pp. 14475-14481, 2012.
[45] J. Zhang, et al., “Polybenzimidazole-membrane based PEM fuel cell in the temperature range of 120-200 oC,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 172, pp. 163-171, 2007.
[46] M. G. Waller, et al., “Performance of high temperature PEM fuel cell materials. Part 1: effects of temperature, pressure and anode dilution,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 41, pp. 2944-2954, 2016.
[47] C. Zhang, et al., “Investigation of water transport and its effect on performance of high temperature PEM fuel cells,” Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 149, pp. 271-277, 2014.
[48] S. Galbiati, et al., “Experimental study of water transport in a polybenzimidazole based high temperature PEMFC,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 37, pp. 2462-2469, 2012.
[49] Z. Qi, S. Buelte, “Effect of open circuit voltage on performance and degradation of high temperature PBI-H3PO4 fuel cells,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 161, pp. 1126-1132, 2006.
[50] Q. Li, D. Aili, H. A. Hjuler, and J. O. Jensen, "High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells : Approaches, Status, and Perspectives," Springer International Publishing, Springer, 2016.
[51] Z. Zhou, O. Zholobko, X.-F. Wu, T. Aulich, J. Thakare, and J. Hurley, “Polybenzimidazole-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for High-Temperature Fuel Cells: Current Status and Prospects,” Energies, vol. 14, pp. 135, 2021.
[52] R. Zeis, “Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells,” Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, vol. 6, pp. 68-83, 2015.
[53] J. S. Wainright, J. T. Wang, D. Weng, R. F. Savinell, and M. Litt, “Acid-doped polybenzimidazoles - a new polymer electrolyte,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 142, pp. L121-L123, 1995.
[54] Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Office, “DOE Technical Targets for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Components,” https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/doe-technical-targets-polymer-electrolyte-membrane-fuel-cell-components.
[55] S. Martin, J. O. Jensen, Q. Li, P. L. Garcia-Ybarra, and J. L. Castillo, “Feasibility of ultra-low Pt loading electrodes for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells based in phosphoric acid-doped membrane,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, pp. 28273-28282, 2019.
[56] S. Martin, Q. Li, and J. O. Jensen, “Lowering the platinum loading of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells with acid doped polybenzimidazole membranes,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 293, pp. 51-56, 2015.
[57] H. Y. Du, C. H. Wang, C. S. Yang, H. C. Hsu, S. T. Chang, H. C. Huang, S. W. Lai, J. C. Chen, T. L. Yu, L. C. Chen, and K. H. Chen, “A high performance polybenzimidazole-CNT hybrid electrode for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 2, pp. 7015-7019, 2014.
[58] J. J. Zhang, H. J. Bai, W. R. Yan, J. Zhang, H. N. Wang, Y. Xiang, and S. F. Lu, “Enhancing Cell Performance and Durability of High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells by Inhibiting the Formation of Cracks in Catalyst Layers,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 167, pp. 114501, 2020.
[59] L. X. Xiao, H. F. Zhang, E. Scanlon, L. S. Ramanathan, E. W. Choe, D. Rogers, T. Apple, and B. C. Benicewicz, “High-temperature polybenzimidazole fuel cell membranes via a sol-gel process,” Chemistry of Materials, vol. 17, pp. 5328-5333, 2005.
[60] X. Deng, C. Huang, X. Pei, B. Hu, and W. Zhou, “Recent progresses and remaining issues on the ultrathin catalyst layer design strategy for high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cell with further reduced Pt loadings: A review,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, pp. 1529-1542, 2021.
[61] J. Huang, Z. Li, and J. B. Zhang, “Review of characterization and modeling of polymer electrolyte fuel cell catalyst layer: The blessing and curse of ionomer,” Frontiers in Energy, vol. 11, pp. 334-364, 2017.
[62] T. W. Huang, H. Qayyum, G. R. Lin, S. Y. Chen, and C. J. Tseng, “Production of high-performance and improved-durability Pt-catalyst/support for proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells with pulsed laser deposition,” Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, vol. 49, pp. 7, 2016.
[63] H. Qayyum, C. J. Tseng, T. W. Huang, and S. Y. Chen, “Pulsed Laser Deposition of Platinum Nanoparticles as a Catalyst for High-Performance PEM Fuel Cells,” Catalysts, vol. 6, pp. 13, 2016.
[64] C. C. Lang, C. H. Lin, H. H. Chen, C. J. Tseng, and S. Y. Chen, “Performance enhancement of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell by PtCo3 nanoporous film as high mass-specific power density catalyst using laser deposition and processing,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, pp. 33948-33956, 2021.
[65] J. Iglesia, C.-C. Lang, Y.-M. Chen, S.-y. Chen, and C.-J. Tseng, “Raising the maximum power density of nanoporous catalyst film-based polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells by laser micro-machining of the gas diffusion layer,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 436, pp. 226886, 2019.
[66] M. Cui, H. Lu, H. Jiang, Z. Cao, and X. Meng, “Phase Diagram of Continuous Binary Nanoalloys: Size, Shape, and Segregation Effects,” Scientific Reports, vol. 7, pp. 41990, 2017.
[67] M. Klingele, M. Breitwieser, R. Zengerle, and S. Thiele, “Direct deposition of proton exchange membranes enabling high performance hydrogen fuel cells,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 3, pp. 11239-11245, 2015.
[68] S. Vierrath, M. Breitwieser, M. Klingele, B. Britton, S. Holdcroft, R. Zengerle, and S. Thiele, “The reasons for the high power density of fuel cells fabricated with directly deposited membranes," Journal of Power Sources, vol. 326, pp. 170-175, 2016.
[69] C. Yang, N. Han, Y. Wang, X.-Z. Yuan, J. Xu, H. Huang, J. Fan, H. Li, and H. Wang, “A Novel Approach to Fabricate Membrane Electrode Assembly by Directly Coating the Nafion Ionomer on Catalyst Layers for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells,” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 8, pp. 9803-9812, 2020.
[70] S. M. Dull, S. Xu, T. Goh, D. U. Lee, D. Higgins, M. Orazov, D. M. Koshy, P. E. Vullum, S. Kirsch, G. Huebner, J. Torgersen, T. F. Jaramillo, and F. B. Prinz, “Bottom-Up Fabrication of Oxygen Reduction Electrodes with Atomic Layer Deposition for High-Power-Density PEMFCs,” Cell Reports Physical Science, vol. 2, pp. 100297, 2021.
[71] I. Fouzai, S. Gentil, V. C. Bassetto, W. O. Silva, R. Maher, and H. H. Girault, “Catalytic layer-membrane electrode assembly methods for optimum triple phase boundaries and fuel cell performances,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 9, pp. 11096-11123, 2021.
[72] T. A. M. Suter, K. Smith, J. Hack, L. Rasha, Z. Rana, G. M. A. Angel, P. R. Shearing, T. S. Miller, and D. J. L. Brett, “Engineering Catalyst Layers for Next-Generation Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: A Review of Design, Materials, and Methods,” Advanced Energy Materials, vol. 11, pp. 2101025, 2021.
[73] X. Qian, M. Ostwal, A. Asatekin, G. M. Geise, Z. P. Smith, W. A. Phillip, R. P. Lively, and J. R. McCutcheon, “A critical review and commentary on recent progress of additive manufacturing and its impact on membrane technology,” Journal of Membrane Science, pp. 120041, 2021.
[74] J. Wind, R. Späh, W. Kaiser, and G. Böhm, “Metallic bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 105, pp. 256-260, 2002.
[75] 劉政宏等:〈高溫型質子交換膜燃料電池雙極板之技術發展〉,工業材料,卷322,頁164-170,2013。
[76] S. Porstmann, T. Wannemacher, and W. G. Drossel, “A comprehensive comparison of state-of-the-art manufacturing methods for fuel cell bipolar plates including anticipated future industry trends,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 60, pp. 366-383, 2020.
[77] T. Bohackova, J. Ludvik, and M. Kouril, “Metallic Material Selection and Prospective Surface Treatments for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates-A Review,” Materials, vol. 14, pp. 41, 2021.
[78] Y. X. Song, C. Z. Zhang, C. Y. Ling, M. Han, R. Y. Yong, D. Sun, and J. R. Chen, “Review on current research of materials, fabrication and application for bipolar plate in proton exchange membrane fuel cell,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, pp. 29832-29847, 2020.
[79] W. Li, Z. X. Li, L. T. Liu, J. J. Geng, Y. F. Xiang, and K. K. Wang, “Recent progress of porous metal filed in bipolar plate,” Cailiao Gongcheng-Journal of Materials Engineering, vol. 48, pp. 31-40, 2020.
[80] W. Yuan, Y. Tang, X. Yang, and Z. Wan, “Porous metal materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells – A review,” Applied Energy, vol. 94, pp. 309-329, 2012.
[81] C. J. Tseng, B. T. Tsai, Z. S. Liu, T. C. Cheng, W. C. Chang, and S. K. Lo, “A PEM fuel cell with metal foam as flow distributor,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 62, pp. 14-21, 2012.
[82] B. T. Tsai, C. J. Tseng, Z. S. Liu, C. H. Wang, C. I. Lee, C. C. Yang, and S. K. Lo, “Effects of flow field design on the performance of a PEM fuel cell with metal foam as the flow distributor,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, pp. 13060-13066, 2012.
[83] C. J. Tseng, Y. J. Heush, C. J. Chiang, Y. H. Lee, and K. R. Lee, “Application of metal foams to high temperature PEM fuel cells,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 41, pp. 16196-16204, 2016.
[84] S. H. Yun, S. H. Shin, J. Y. Lee, S. J. Seo, S. H. Oh, Y. W. Choi, and S. H. Moon, “Effect of pressure on through-plane proton conductivity of polymer electrolyte membranes,” Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 417-418, pp. 210-216, 2012.
[85] H. Su, T. C. Jao, S. Pasupathi, B. J. Bladergroen, V. Linkov, B. G. Pollet, “A novel dual catalyst layer structured gas diffusion electrode for enhanced performance of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 246, pp. 63-67, 2014.
[86] 黃鎮江:《燃料電池》,第四版:全華科技圖書股份有限公司,中華民國一百零六年三月。
[87] 黃亭維:〈應用脈衝雷射技術製備高穩定性與高性能之鉑奈米顆粒並應用於燃料電池觸媒層〉,碩士論文,國立中央大學,中華民國一百零五年七月。
[88] 江建叡:〈陰極金屬發泡材厚度與流道設計對高溫型質子交換膜燃料電池之影響〉,碩士論文,國立中央大學,中華民國一百零五年六月。
[89] 賴鈺諴:〈內鑲水冷流道雙極板之質子交換膜燃料電池〉,碩士論文,國立中央大學,中華民國一百零九年六月。 |