結合最佳化演算法與OPAL-RT硬體迴圈實現微電網之經濟調度

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姓名

張育銘(Yu-Ming Zhang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程學系

論文名稱

結合最佳化演算法與OPAL-RT硬體迴圈實現微電網之經濟調度
(Combining Optimization Algorithms and OPAL-RT Hardware in the Loop to Realize Economic Dispatch of Microgrid)

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2027-8-1以後開放)

摘要(中)

由於傳統化石燃料能源造成嚴重的環境問題，可整合分散式再生能源的微電網變得越來越重要，本論文研究微電網的能源管理最佳化，在微電網中具有可再生能源和電池儲能等系統，並考慮可再生能源的電力潮流限制和不確定性，此外維持微電網營運商利潤的重要性及對主電網提供額外電力的需求正在提高。本研究提出了基於拉格朗日乘數之方法，把上述問題化為限制式，且可同時處理等式限制和不等式限制，並直接求解獲得最佳經濟調度的結果。為了驗證結果是否符合等式與不等式限制的條件，並探討基於拉格朗日乘數法的性能，採用位於台灣澎湖群島的七美島微電網模型進行研究；將所提出的方法與經驗式判斷法和牛頓結合粒子群體法進行比較，評估三種方法獲得的結果；最後，還考慮了向主電網出售電力和需量反應的情況，透過OPAL-RT即時模擬器內建的硬體迴圈機制與浮點數位訊號處理器，充分驗證和展現所提出方法的有效性。

摘要(英)

Microgrid incorporating distributed renewable energy resources (RERs) has been increasingly important due to the serious environmental problems caused by conventional fossil fuel energy. This study deals with the optimal energy management of microgrid comprising RERs and battery energy storage system (BESS). In addition to considering power flow constraints and uncertainties of RERs, the importance of retaining profits of microgrid operators and the needs for providing extra supports to the main grid are rising. To meet all the requirements, the Lagrange multipliers-based method is proposed to deal with equality and inequality constraints at the same time to directly obtain the optimal economic dispatch solution analytically. Moreover, to examine the compliance with the requirements of equality and inequality constraints and investigate the performance of the Lagrange multipliers-based method, the microgrid built in Cimei Island in Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan, is investigated. Furthermore, the comparison of the proposed method with experience-based energy management system (EMS) and Newton-particle swarm optimization (Newton-PSO) is provided to evaluate the obtained solutions. In addition, the conditions of selling power to the main grid and demand response are considered. Through the hardware in the loop (HIL) mechanism, which is built using OPAL-RT real-time simulator with floating-point digital signal processor (DSP), the effectiveness of proposed Lagrange multipliers-based method can be verified and demonstrated.

關鍵字(中)

★ 經濟調度
★ 拉格朗日乘數
★ 牛頓粒子群優化
★ 微電網
★ 能源管理系統

關鍵字(英)

★ Economic dispatch
★ Lagrange multipliers
★ Newton-particle swarm optimization
★ microgrid
★ energy management system

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XIV
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 本文貢獻 5
1.4 論文大綱 6
第二章微電網架構與分散式電源控制 7
2.1 微電網控制策略 7
2.1.1 微電網簡介 7
2.1.2 七美島微電網系統架構 7
2.2 微電網規範 11
2.2.1 IEEE 1547-2003規範 11
2.3 微電網控制策略 12
2.3.1 定功率控制 12
2.3.2 分級控制 12
2.4 三相座標軸轉換 14
2.4.1 靜止座標軸 16
2.4.2 同步旋轉座標軸 17
2.5 變流器之實虛功控制與電流控制 18
2.6 分散式電源及控制介紹 20
2.6.1 風力發電機 20
2.6.2 柴油發電機及燃氣發電機 21
2.6.3 太陽能電池 24
2.6.4 儲能系統 27
第三章公共電業與輔助服務 31
3.1 前言 31
3.2 時間電價 31
3.3 售購電運作方式 33
3.4 輔助服務介紹[64] 35
3.4.1 調頻備轉輔助服務[64] 36
3.4.2 調頻備轉容量 (sReg) 37
3.4.3 即時備轉[64] 38
3.4.4 補充備轉[64] 39
第四章經濟調度模型及演算法 40
4.1 問題描述 40
4.2 演算法介紹 45
4.2.1 經驗式判斷法 45
4.2.2 牛頓結合粒子群體法 46
4.2.3 拉格朗日乘數法 48
4.2.3.1 目標函數 49
4.2.3.2 限制條件 49
4.2.4 基於拉格朗日乘數法 50
第五章模擬結果 52
5.1 情境一之模擬結果 52
5.2 情境二之模擬結果 58
5.3 情境三之模擬結果 63
第六章硬體迴圈規劃與實驗器材 68
6.1 簡介 68
6.2 硬體實作架構 68
6.2.1 Ethernet通訊方式 70
6.2.2 CANbus通訊方式 71
6.3 即時模擬系統 72
6.3.1 即時模擬介紹 72
6.3.2 OP4510硬體 75
6.3.3 模型分割與命名 77
6.3.4 RT-LAB軟體 78
6.3.4.1 OpComm 80
6.3.4.2 Artemis Stubline 80
6.3.4.3 OpAsyncIPCtrl [72] 81
6.3.4.4 OpAsyncRecv [72] 82
6.3.4.5 OpAsyncSend [72] 82
6.3.5 電路硬體處理器 83
6.4 Ethernet程式 84
6.5 CANbus 85
6.5.1 CANalyst 86
6.5.2 CANbus通訊界面 87
6.6 數位訊號處理器 87
6.6.1 CAN通信模塊 90
第七章實驗結果 91
7.1 情境一之實驗結果 91
7.2 情境二之實驗結果 96
7.3 情境三之實驗結果 100
第八章結論與未來展望 104
8.1 結論 104
8.2 未來展望 104
參考文獻 105
作者簡歷 115

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指導教授

林法正(Faa-Jeng Lin)

審核日期

2022-8-24

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