大型都市垃圾焚化廠之氯化氫排放特性探討

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譚曉天(Xiao-Tian Tan) 查詢紙本館藏

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環境工程研究所在職專班

論文名稱

大型都市垃圾焚化廠之氯化氫排放特性探討
(Characteristics of HCl Emitted from Large-Scale Municipal Waste Incinerators)

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摘要(中)

本研究利用行政院環境保護署垃圾焚化廠管理系統(SWIMS)及焚化廠自主檢測之公開數據，在廢棄物型態及空氣污染物防制設備型態兩種不同之操作條件下，挑選我國四座大型都市垃圾焚化廠(A、B、C及D廠)進行2011年至2021年期間之HCl排放濃度趨勢分析，並以D廠進一步討論都市垃圾廢棄物焚化後氯之流布。結果顯示，使用濕式處理技術之焚化廠排放濃度最低，年平均排放濃度為4.7 ± 0.6 ppm；使用乾式或半乾式除酸系統之焚化廠，於收受廢棄物類型不同狀態下年平均排放濃度介於12 ppm 至18 ppm 之間。以焚化廠D進行氯流布分析計算，統計2017年至2021年期間，各節點氯含量分別為底渣每公克10~30毫克；鍋爐灰每公克100~140毫克；反應集塵灰每公克180~380毫克及煙道氣濃度為每立方公尺13~23毫克，其中反應集塵灰因包含去除氯化氫時之反應物故數值較高。依氯流布計算，焚化系統中底渣占比28~38 %；鍋爐灰占比5~8 %；反應集塵灰占比53~65 %及煙道氣占比1~2 %。以氯流布回推廢棄物進廠氯含量發現在0.62%至0.89 %之間，高於採樣分析結果0.09至0.20 %。除酸設施搭配集塵設備對氯化物平均處理效率為97 %至98 %；在鹼劑使用量上，處理每公噸廢棄物所投入之鹼劑用量，由消石灰變更為小蘇打後，其平均使用量降低。

摘要(英)

This study applies the public data compiled by the Solid Waste Incinerator Management System (SWIMS) of the Environmental Protection Administration, the Executive Yuan to investigate the emission characteristcs of HCl from four large-scale municipal waste incinerators (MWIs) operated under two different operating conditions. The HCl emission data of the incinerators were collected to analyze the emission trend of HCl during the period from 2011 to 2021 and one MWI was selected for the analysis of chlorine flows. The results show that the average HCl concentration emitted from the incinerator equipped with wet scrubber technology is 4.7 ± 0.6 ppm while that emitted from the incinerators using dry or semi-dry systems varies from 12 ppm to 18 ppm.The results of the chlorine flow in incinerator D show that the chlorine content in bottom ash is 10~30 mg/g, 100~140 mg/g in boiler ash, 180~380 mg/g in fly ash and 13~23 mg/Nm3 in flue gas. The reason for the higher chlorine content in the fly ash is due to the injection of the alkali agent for removing HCl. The chlorine flows established for MWI D show that the bottom ash accounts for 28~38%, the boiler ash accounts for 5~8%, the fly ash accounts for 53~65% and the flue gas accounts for 1~2% of total chlorine flows. The chlorine contents of the feeding wastes in four MWIs are calculated via back calculation and the results are within the range of 0.62 to 0.89%, which is significantly higher than the results (0.09 to 0.20%) obtained from waste analysis. The average removal efficiency of HCl is 97 to 98%. Moreover, the average amount of alkali agent used in treating one ton of waste is reduced after changing from calcium hydroxide to sodium bicarbonate as alkaline agent.

關鍵字(中)

★ 氯化氫排放趨勢
★ 焚化系統氯流布
★ 廢棄物含氯量

關鍵字(英)

★ Emission trends of HCl
★ Chlorine flow
★ Chlorine content

論文目次

第一章　前言 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究目的與範疇 3
第二章　文獻回顧 4
2-1 含氯廢棄物燃燒後產物 4
2-1-1 含氯廢棄物燃燒轉化過程 4
2-1-2 廢棄物組成分佈 6
2-1-3 焚化系統各節點氯流動特性 11
2-2 焚化廠酸性氣體控制技術及廢棄物衍生物處理技術 13
2-2-1 酸性氣體控制技術 13
2-2-2 廢棄物衍生物處理處置 18
2-3 含氯化合物之影響 19
2-3-1 氯化氫之影響 19
2-3-2 底渣及飛灰之影響 20
2-4 焚化廠除酸技術發展 21
第三章　研究方法 25
3-1 研究流程 25
3-2 焚化廠氯化氫排放趨勢分析 26
3-2-1 排放趨勢研究對象篩選 26
3-2-2 研究對象資料蒐集及分析 26
3-2-3 研究資料品質確認 27
3-2-4 排放係數計算 27
3-3 氯流布分析 29
3-4 除酸設施加藥量與廢棄物衍生物產出量分析 31
第四章結果與討論 32
4-1 氯化氫氣體排放趨勢分析 32
4-1-1 防制設施差異比較 33
4-1-2 廢棄物成分差異比較 36
4-1-3 排放係數比較 38
4-1-4 各廠排放濃度趨勢及排放係數結果比較 39
4-2 焚化系統各節點氯含量流布 40
4-3 焚化廠除酸鹼劑用量分析 45
第五章　結論與建議 47
參考文獻 50

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指導教授

張木彬(Moo-Been Chang)

審核日期

2022-7-19

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