結構表面缺陷識別與尺寸量測 之正射化雷射光斑法

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姓名

李彥勳(Yen-Hsun Lee) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

結構表面缺陷識別與尺寸量測之正射化雷射光斑法
(Structure Surface Defect Recognition and Sizing Based on Laser Spots Image Orthorectification)

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摘要(中)

使用無人機攜帶相機進行結構表面劣化缺陷的檢測是近期熱門的研發議題。這種非接觸式的影像量測方式；最關鍵的技術則是如何精準量測得缺陷的尺寸(長、寬、面積)。
本文將探討使用雷射打點方式量測結構物裂縫尺寸。藉由雷射校正影像座標中歪斜之成像。在校正過程中，首先求得攝影機內部參數並且考慮鏡頭的旋轉以及焦距問題，可推得由二維影像座標轉換成三維空間座標的轉換矩陣，並利用其他的分析方式，來達到工程檢測中之最大效能，提出有效的數學方式，減少工程檢測中之人事以及時間成本，不僅可達到空間校正更可以偵測出空間待測物之形狀起伏，在攝影機與空間校正上也將更為精準，精密量化尺寸，藉由Matlab 模擬來驗證理論結果，並展現此方法之成果。

摘要(英)

The detection of structural surface deterioration defects using drones with cameras is a hot research topic recently. This non-contact image measurement method; the most critical technology is how to accurately measure the size (length, width, area) of the defect.
This article will discuss the use of laser spotting to measure the size of cracks in structures. Image skew in image coordinates is corrected by laser. In the calibration process, the internal parameters of the camera are first obtained and the rotation and focal length of the lens are considered. The conversion matrix from the two-dimensional image coordinates to the three-dimensional space coordinates can be derived, and other analysis methods are used to achieve the most accurate engineering detection. To maximize performance, it proposes an effective mathematical method to reduce personnel and time costs in engineering monitoring. It can not only achieve spatial calibration, but also detect the shape fluctuations of the object to be measured in space. It will also be more accurate in camera and spatial calibration. The dimensions are precisely quantified, the theoretical results are verified by Matlab simulations, and demonstrate the results of this method.

關鍵字(中)

★ Matlab影像分析
★ 影像匹配

關鍵字(英)

★ Matlab image analysis
★ image matching

論文目次

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
表目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
第1章、緒論 1
1.1 研究方法 1
1.2 研究架構與流程 2
第2章、文獻回顧 4
2.1 橋梁檢測 5
2.1.1 橋梁檢測方式分類 6
2.1.2 DER&U 評估法 7
2.2 裂縫種類評估 8
2.3 使用無人機輔助橋梁裂化檢測 9
2.4 空間影像擷取之非接觸式測量原理 10
2.5 裂縫尺寸之影像判別方法 11
2.1.3 裂縫長度判定 15
2.1.4 裂縫寬度判定 16
第3章、影像處理原理與技術 19
3.1 單應性矩陣(Homography Matrix)理論 27
3.2 基礎矩陣(Fundamental Matrix)理論 30
3.3 歪斜影像之正射化校正法 33
3.4 空間雷射投影理論之方法 38
第4章、裂縫影像分析之預處理 40
4.1 灰階影像 40
4.2 直方圖均衡化 41
4.3 中值濾波器 43
4.4 影像均值平滑化去噪 44
4.5 影像二值化分析 45
4.6 裂縫邊緣偵測 49
4.6.1 水平投影之裂縫寬度 54
4.7 光斑質心自動化搜尋 56
第5章、平行雷射光斑攝影量測技術 64
5.1 雷射系統 64
5.1.1 雷射規格簡介 64
5.1.2 相機元件參數擷取 65
5.2 影像校準 66
5.3 實驗儀器與雷射點平行校準流程 70
第6章、裂縫影像形態學分析 72
6.1 裂縫辨識流程 72
6.2 程式操作 72
6.3 裂縫雷射投影點正射化及比例尺關係 76
6.4 使用者閾值自適化 79
6.5 裂縫軌跡範圍搜尋 81
6.6 裂縫軌跡跟蹤 85
第7章、結論與建議 92
7.1 結論 92
7.2 建議 92
參考文獻 94
附錄-A 8*11 25mm標定板 98
附錄-B Canon EOS 1Ds Mark III相機參數 99

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指導教授

王仲宇(Chung-Yue Wang)

審核日期

2023-1-17

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