混燒飛灰經固化製程再利用於工程回填材料之試驗評估

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姓名

劉錦霖(Jin-Lin Liu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

混燒飛灰經固化製程再利用於工程回填材料之試驗評估

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2025-8-1以後開放)

摘要(中)

本研究旨在探討三種不同組成的固體再生燃料（Solid Recovered Fuel, SRF）與煤炭混燒所產生的飛灰特性及其再利用的可行性。主要關注可反應性鋁金屬和游離氧化鈣對混燒飛灰體積穩定性及水泥基材料工作性的影響。
研究結果混燒飛灰中的可反應性鋁金屬會在水泥基材料中產生氫氣，導致體積不穩定。而飛灰中的游離氧化鈣在遇水後放熱生成氫氧化鈣，造成體積膨脹和工作性不佳。為此研究探討水泥固化法對飛灰的處理效果，以期改善其體積穩定性和工作性，並根據飛灰特性（如可反應性鋁金屬含量、游離氧化鈣含量、強度活性指數等）提出適當的再利用方案。
在水泥漿料材製程中，不同混燒飛灰的試體展現不同的特性。CCFA(A)飛灰因高含量的可反應性鋁金屬及游離氧化鈣，出現顯著的體積膨脹和強度發展問題。CCFA(B)飛灰則因游離氧化鈣的放熱反應，雖產生較少氫氣但仍影響試體強度。CCFA(C)飛灰含有低量的可反應性鋁金屬及高游離氧化鈣。對於塑性材製程，CCFA(A)和CCFA(C)混燒飛灰在震動壓實後展現良好的抗壓強度和體積穩定性。破碎材製程顯示，將固化體破碎成粒料可控制粒料尺寸且物理性質良好，適合作為工程填築材料。
研究進一步提出基於可反應性鋁金屬含量、游離氧化鈣含量及強度活性指數的混燒飛灰再利用使用建議，包括塑性材製程、漿料材製程及破碎材製程的適用條件，並強調檢測的重要性以確保再利用成效。本研究為混燒飛灰的處理和再利用提供了新穎技術路徑，有助於減少環境開採並促進資源的持續利用。

摘要(英)

This study investigates the characteristics and reuse feasibility of fly ash produced from co-combustion of coal and three different compositions of Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF). It pri-marily focuses on the impact of reactive aluminum and free calcium oxide (CaO) on the volu-metric stability and workability of cement-based materials.
The results indicate that reactive aluminum in the fly ash generates hydrogen gas when used in cement-based materials, leading to volumetric instability. Meanwhile, free CaO in the fly ash reacts exothermically with water to form calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), causing volumetric expansion and poor workability. The study examines the effectiveness of cement solidification in treating fly ash to improve its stability and workability. It also proposes appropriate reuse strategies based on fly ash characteristics, such as reactive aluminum content, free CaO content, and strength activity index.
In the cement paste formulation, different types of co-combusted fly ash exhibit distinct properties. CCFA(A) fly ash, with high reactive aluminum and free CaO content, shows signif-icant volumetric expansion and strength development issues. CCFA(B) fly ash produces less hydrogen gas but is still affected by the exothermic reaction of free CaO, impacting strength. CCFA(C) fly ash, containing low reactive aluminum but high free CaO, causes specimen rup-ture at high temperatures. For plastic materials, CCFA(A) and CCFA(C) fly ashes exhibit good compressive strength and volumetric stability after vibratory compaction. The crushed material formulation demonstrates that breaking down the solidified material into granules allows for size control and good physical properties, making it suitable for engineering fill.
The study further proposes reuse guidelines for co-combusted fly ash based on reactive aluminum content, free CaO content, and strength activity index. It includes recommendations for plastic material formulation, paste formulation, and crushed material formulation, emphasiz-ing the importance of testing to ensure safe and effective reuse. This research offers novel tech-nical pathways for the treatment and reuse of co-combusted fly ash, contributing to environ-mental pollution reduction and promoting sustainable resource utilization.

關鍵字(中)

★ 混燒飛灰

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要 ii
ABSTRACT vii
致謝 viii
目錄 ix
圖目錄 xiii
表目錄 xvii
第1章緒論 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究背景 1
1.3 研究動機 2
1.4 研究目的 2
第2章文獻回顧 4
2.1 燃料種類及定義 4
2.2 固體再生燃料(SRF)規範及品質標準 5
2.3 工業鍋爐介紹 9
2.3.1 國內鍋爐使用現況 9
2.3.2 鍋爐類型 9
2.3.3 流體化床鍋爐脫硫反應 12
2.4 混燒飛灰介紹 13
2.4.1 混燒灰於國內相關法規 13
2.4.2 混燒飛灰燃料種類之影響 21
2.5 混燒飛灰具可反應性鋁金屬疑慮及檢測 23
2.5.1 含鋁金屬廢棄物應用於水泥系製品之膨脹現象 23
2.5.2 不同溫度下鋁金屬呈現表徵 24
2.5.3 可反應性鋁金屬快篩檢測法 26
2.5.4 混燒飛灰可反應性鋁金屬氣體收集法 26
2.6 混燒飛灰應用於水泥系材料中的體積穩定性之疑慮 28
2.6.1 游離氧化鈣f-CaO 28
2.6.2 三氧化硫SO3 31
2.7 游離氧化鈣檢驗 31
2.7.1 乙二醇法 31
2.7.2 無水甘油-乙醇法 32
2.7.3 直接導電法 32
2.7.4 EDTA絡合滴定法 33
2.8 混燒飛灰遇水後之化學反應 33
2.9 依不同水泥固化製程處理混燒飛灰 34
2.9.1 漿料材製程 34
2.9.2 塑性材製程 36
2.9.3 破碎材製程 38
第3章實驗材料與研究方法 41
3.1 研究方法及實驗流程 41
3.2 研究材料 47
3.2.1 混燒飛灰來源 47
3.2.2 試驗材料 48
3.3 實驗設備與儀器 55
3.4 材料試驗方法 63
3.4.1 含水量試驗 63
3.4.2 pH值檢測 63
3.4.3 比重試驗 63
3.4.4 細度試驗 64
3.4.5 灼燒減量 64
3.4.6 燒失量 65
3.4.7 正常稠度試驗 65
3.4.8 凝結時間 65
3.4.9 砂漿流動性試驗 66
3.4.10 強度活性指數 66
3.4.11 土壤含水量與密度關係試驗 67
3.4.12 夯實土壤加州載重比試驗 67
3.4.13 輕質粗粒料之顆粒筒壓強度試驗 68
3.4.14 粒料受水合作用之潛在膨脹試驗 68
3.5 試驗代號說明 69
第4章試驗結果與研究分析 70
4.1 混燒飛灰材料基本性質分析 70
4.1.1 混燒飛灰物理及化學性質 70
4.2 混燒飛灰水泥砂漿試驗 73
4.2.1 凝結時間 73
4.2.2 卜作嵐活性指數試驗 74
4.3 混燒飛灰膨脹特性 76
4.3.1 游離氧化鈣(f-CaO)測定 77
4.3.2 可反應性鋁金屬測定 80
4.4 具膨脹性混燒灰渣水泥固化處理 83
4.4.1 試體製作程序 83
4.4.2 各製程設計配比 85
4.4.3 混燒飛灰應用於水泥固化製程之討論 87
4.4.4 水泥固化製程工程性質測試 91
4.5 混燒飛灰再利用分類法 105
4.5.1 依照參考因素進行建議分類 106
第5章結論與建議 109
5.1 結論 109
5.2 建議 111
參考文獻 113

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指導教授

黃偉慶

審核日期

2024-7-11

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