博碩士論文 111322603 詳細資訊



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姓名 王努力(Andhy Setyo Raharjo)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 土木工程學系
論文名稱 TDR非飽和土水力特性測量離心滲透儀之研發
(TDR Centrifuge Permeameter Development for Hydraulic Characteristics Measurement of Unsaturated Soils)
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摘要(中) 強降雨經常引發山區潛層滑動與大規模土石流動，造成生命損失和經濟損失。本研究深入探討水和土壤之間的複雜互動，特別是在地下水位以上的丘陵地帶不飽和土壤條件下。這些條件在強降雨滲入地面時可能導致土壤穩定性突然變化。因此本研究研發創新的離心滲透儀，利用離心技術快速確定土壤-水分保持曲線（SWCC）的關鍵參數。先前的研究已經證明離心技術在測量土壤水力特性方面取得顯著進展，離心滲透儀在穩態條件下可提供可靠的數據收集，並有效縮短測試時間。此外，相關研究還成功地使用離心滲透儀測量各種類型土壤的水力特性，突顯其適用性。所以本研究重點在於創建一種可安裝於中央大學離心機的多功能混合離心滲透儀，以確保靈活性和成本效益。其多功能混合模型容納了時域反射法（TDR）、基質吸力和傳感器，同時允許部件的易於拆卸和互換。實驗結果表明，TDR混合離心滲透儀有效測量不飽和土壤中的體積含水量、電導率和基質吸力。初始和最終讀數顯示出一致和可靠的數據，證明系統的準確性。TDR和其他傳感器的整合允許實時監控和數據獲取，增強了對土壤-水分互動的理解。研究結論顯示TDR混合離心滲透儀是一種測量不飽和土壤水力特性的強大而有效的工具，與傳統方法相比，具有顯著的速度、準確性和靈活性優勢。未來的研究應集中於進一步精確化設計，並探索其在更廣泛的土壤類型和環境條件中的應用。這一創新方法具有顯著推動岩土研究的潛力，並改進對降雨響應的土壤穩定性預測模型。
摘要(英) In mountainous regions, heavy rainfall often triggers mass movements, posing significant threats and causing loss of life and economic damage. This study delves into the intricate interplay between water and soil, particularly in unsaturated soil conditions found in hilly terrains above the groundwater table. These conditions can lead to sudden shifts in soil stability when heavy rains infiltrate the ground. To examine this problem, this research introduces an innovative Centrifuge Permeameter, which utilizes centrifuge technology to determine crucial parameters quickly for the Soil-Water Retention Curve (SWCC). Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of centrifuge technology in geotechnical research, with significant advancements in measuring soil hydraulic properties. These studies have shown that centrifuge permeameters allow reliable data collection under steady-state conditions, significantly reducing testing time. Additionally, research has successfully measured the hydraulic properties of various soil types using centrifuge permeameters, highlighting their applicability. This new approach, built upon previous successful implementations, streamlines data collection and offers significant time savings compared to conventional methods. The study focuses on creating a versatile hybrid centrifuge permeameter that can be attached to the NCU beam-centrifuge. This approach ensures flexibility and cost-effectiveness without disrupting existing equipment. The hybrid-versatile model accommodates Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), matric suction, and transducers while allowing for components′ easy removal and interchangeability. The experimental results indicated that the hybrid centrifuge permeameter effectively measured the volumetric water content, electric conductivity, and matric suction in unsaturated soils. Specifically, the volumetric water content ranged from 0.02 to 0.4 m³/m³, electric conductivity varied between 80 and 2200 S/m, and matric suction was measured from 0.035 to 165 kPa. The initial and final readings showed consistent and reliable data, proving the system′s accuracy. The integration of TDR and other transducers allowed for real-time monitoring and data acquisition, enhancing the understanding of soil-water interactions. The study concludes that the developed hybrid centrifuge permeameter is a robust and efficient tool for measuring the hydraulic characteristics of unsaturated soils. It offers significant advantages in terms of speed, accuracy, and flexibility over traditional methods. Future research should focus on refining the design for even greater precision and exploring its application to a wider range of soil types and environmental conditions. This innovative approach has the potential to significantly advance geotechnical research and improve predictive models for soil stability in response to rainfall.
關鍵字(中) ★ 混合多功能離心滲透儀
★ 水力特性
★ 水分保持曲線（SWCC）
★ 不飽和土壤
★ 時域反射法（TDR）		 關鍵字(英) ★ Hybrid-Versatile Centrifuge Permeameter
★ Hydraulic Characteristics
★ Soil-Water Retention Curve (SWCC)
★ Unsaturated Soils
★ Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)
論文目次 1 Introduction
1.1 Research Motivation
1.2 Study Objectives
2 Literature Review
2.1 Landslide
2.1.1 Landslide Causes
2.1.2 Introduction to Landslides
2.1.3 Landslide Mechanisms
2.1.4 Understanding Suction in Soil
2.2 Soil Water Characteristics Curve (SWCC)
2.2.1 Typical Forms of SWCC
2.2.2 Factors Affecting SWCC
2.2.3 Application of SWCC in Landslide Study
2.3 Methods for Determining SWCC
2.3.1 Laboratory Methods
2.3.1.1 Tempe Pressure Cell
2.3.1.2 Hanging Water Column Method:
2.3.1.3 Pressure Plate Apparatus
2.3.1.4 Filter Paper Method
2.3.1.5 Capillary Rise Method
2.3.2 Field Methods
2.3.2.1 In Situ Measurements
2.3.2.2 Piezometer Method
2.3.3 Empirical and Predictive Models
2.3.3.1.1 Brooks Corey (1964)
2.3.3.1.2 Campell (1974)
2.3.3.1.3 Van genutchen (1980)
2.3.3.1.4 Cosby-Hornberger-Clapp (1984)
2.3.3.1.5 Fredlund-Xing (1994)
2.3.3.1.6 Kosugi (1996)
2.3.3.1.7 Tani (2002)
2.3.3.1.8 Model Comparison
2.3.4 Advanced Techniques
2.3.4.1 X-ray Computed Tomography (CT)
2.3.4.2 Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT)
2.3.4.3 Centrifugation method
2.3.5 Method Comparison
2.4 Centrifuge Permeameter and Its Related Research
2.4.1 Centrifuge
2.4.2 Centrifuge Permeameter Principle
2.4.2.1 Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)
2.4.2.2 Tensiometer Principles
2.4.2.3 LVDT Principles
2.4.3 Centrifuge Permeameter Cases
2.4.4 Relevance to Landslide Research
2.5 Summary and Discussion of Literature Review
3 Material and Method
3.1 Research Flow Chart
3.2 Element Test
3.2.1 Water Content
3.2.2 Specific Gravity
3.2.3 Grain Distribution
3.2.4 Atterberg Limits Determination
3.2.5 Proctor Test
3.2.6 Falling Head
3.2.7 Consolidation
3.2.8 Summarized Results
3.2.9 Soil type determination
3.3 Geotechnical Centrifuge
3.4 Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)
3.4.1 Probe Length Calibration
3.4.2 Water Content Measurement Test
3.4.3 Electric Conductivity Calibration
3.5 Centrifuge Permeameter Model Design
3.5.1 Electric Tensiometer
3.5.2 Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)
3.5.3 Laser Surface Scanner
3.6 Experiment Planning and Calculation
3.6.1 Sample Box
3.6.2 Soil Sample
3.6.3 Pre-Calculation
3.6.4 Experiment Planning Calculation
3.6.4.1 Gravel Reservoir Capacity Test
3.6.4.2 Gravel Water Capacity
3.6.4.3 Determining Content in The Soil Sample
3.6.4.3.1 Sample Area
3.6.4.3.2 Total Sample Volume
3.6.4.3.3 Total Sample Weight
3.6.4.3.4 Sample Weight Distribution
3.6.4.3.5 Sample Volume Distribution
3.6.4.3.6 Sample content
3.6.4.4 Pressure Water Tube
3.6.4.5 Rainfall Calibration
3.6.4.6 Water Pressure Determination
3.6.5 Proposed Planning Conclusion
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Theoretical Analysis
4.1.1 COMSOL Multiphysics
4.1.1.1 Study and Physics Definition
4.1.1.2 Geometry Drawing
4.1.1.3 Material Definition
4.1.1.4 Boundary Condition Definition
4.1.1.5 Mesh Definition
4.1.1.6 Results and Analyses
4.1.2 Geostudio
4.1.2.1 Project Definition
4.1.2.2 Geometry Drawing
4.1.2.3 Material Definition
4.1.2.4 Boundary Condition Definition
4.1.2.5 Mesh Definition.
4.1.2.6 Results and Analyses
4.1.3 Manual Deflection Calculation
4.1.4 Summarized of Theoretical Analysis
4.2 1G Preliminary Test Results
4.2.1 Volumetric Water Content (θ)
4.2.2 Electric Conductivity
4.2.3 Matric suction
4.3 20G Test Results
4.3.1 Volumetric Water Content (θ)
4.3.1.1 Initial Reading
4.3.1.2 Final Reading
4.3.2 Electric Conductivity (ρ)
4.3.2.1 Initial Reading
4.3.2.2 Final Reading
4.3.3 Matric suction (Ψ)
4.3.3.1 Initial Reading
4.3.3.2 Final Reading
4.3.4 Deflection
4.3.5 Surface 3D
4.4 20G Test Results with Extend Time
4.4.1 Volumetric Water Content (θ)
4.4.1.1 Initial Reading
4.4.1.2 Final Reading
4.4.2 Electric Conductivity (ρ)
4.4.2.1 Initial Reading
4.4.2.2 Final Reading
4.4.3 Matric suction (Ψ)
4.4.3.1 Initial Reading
4.4.3.2 Final Reading
4.4.4 Deflection
4.4.5 Surface 3D
4.4.6 Archie’s slope
4.5 SWCC models
4.5.1 SWCC Main Data
4.5.2 Brooks Corey (1966)
4.5.3 Campell (1974)
4.5.4 Van genutchen (1980)
4.5.5 Cosby-Hornberger-Clapp (1984)
4.5.6 Fredlund-Xing (1994)
4.5.7 Kosugi (1996)
4.5.8 Tani (2002)
4.5.9 Comparison
4.5.10 Hysteresis Analyses
4.5.11 Comparison of SWCC with Reference
4.6 Estimated Relationship
4.6.1 SWCC and Electric Conductivity
4.6.2 SWCC and Deflection
4.6.3 SWCC and Bulk Density
4.6.4 SWCC and Degree of Saturation
4.6.5 SWCC and Relative Hydraulic Conductivity
4.7 Discussion
4.7.1 Volumetric Water Content and Electric Conductivity
4.7.2 Matric suction
4.7.3 Deformation and Surface Profiles
4.7.4 Rainfall System and Water Infiltration
5 Conclusion and Suggestion
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Suggestion
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指導教授 鐘志忠(Chung-Chih Chung) 審核日期 2024-7-31
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