| 摘要: | 目標設定（goal setting）提供學習者自我指引和自我調整的作用，能夠進一步引發動機、持續性努力以及增強行為，在學習過程中扮演很重要的角色。善用目標設定，可以促使學習者全力以赴，專注於所設定的目標上，進而影響其表現。所以，目標設定常被視為一種教學或學習策略，應用於教師教學、學生自我學習環境中，以提高學習者的學習動機和學習表現。 動物同伴是一種針對孩童所設計的學習同伴，擁有寵物的形貌與特質，藉著與動物同伴互動和飼養，能夠引發孩童高度興趣，並參與學習活動。本研究以動物同伴（My-Pet-Our-Pet）為基礎，進一步設計了動物同伴的升級機制，藉由將動物同伴的成長狀態分成不同階段性等級，以對應所要達成的學習目標，一旦達成學習目標的條件被滿足，動物同伴即會成長而升級，以強化學習者對學習目標的感知，並引導學習者持續性的努力、自我監控以及自我調適。 為驗證動物同伴升級機制的成效，本研究在一對一的數位學習環境中，採用一簡易的數學解題活動，教師能夠將課堂上的數學題目設為學習活動，而在解題過程中，學生的學習表現（performance）、進步成績（improvement）將設定為個人動物同伴（My-Pet）的升級條件，而同儕互助（peer helping）則是影響小組動物同伴（Our-Pet）升級的主要因素。初步實驗結果顯示，升級機制受到國小孩童喜愛歡迎，且有助於對其自我學習表現和進步成績的重視，而同儕互助除了對部份學生有顯著的作用外，整體效果不如預期，因為此部分涉及所採用的合作學習模式、成員分組等因素，仍有待進一步的研究探討。 Goal setting play a very important role in learning that can assist the learner self-direction and self-regulation, and can increase the motivation, make great efforts and strengthen the learning behavior constantly. Applying goal setting very well can promote learners to go all out, and forcus on the goal, and then influence the one’s behavior. Therefore, goal-setting is often considered as a kind of teaching or learning strategy, apply to teacher's teaching and student’s learning, and promote learning motivation and increase learning performance. Animal companions are one kind of learning companions especially designed for pupils. Animal companions have animal appearance and simulate pet characteristics. Children take care and interact with animal companions can cause one's high interest, and participate in learning activity. This research is based on animal companions system ( My-Pet-Our-Pet ), and futher, designed the upgrade mechanism of animal companions. By dividing the growth state of animal companions into different phased grades, with corresponding reached learning goal. When a student gets enough points of performance, animal companions will grow up and upgrade, and guide learner's pay efforts constantly, and self-control and adjusting oneself rightly. For prove the effect of upgrade mechanism of animal companion, this research is studied among the one-to-one digital learning environment, and adopt one simple and easy problem solving in the mathematics subject. Teacher can set mathematics topic of classroom as the problem of the learning activity. In the process of problem solving, students' test performance ( performance ), and the progressive achievement ( improvement ) will be established for the terms of rising of My-Pet. It is the main factor influencing Our-Pet to rise that of the same generation to help each other ( peer helping ). The preliminary experimental result shows that upgrade mechanism was very popular to child of primary school and pay much attention to their learning performance and advancement. Peer helping have significant effect on some students, but the whole result might not as well expect. Because this part involves the factor of groups dividing and collaborative learning model which we adopted, and still await the further research discussion. |
