| 摘要: | 營造業為民生基礎工業，凡民生建設小規模至鄉間道路、房屋及橋樑，大規模至捷運、發電廠及水庫等基礎工程建設都與其有密不可分的關係。由於營造業與其他行業之工作環境不同，大部分營造業是處於隨時變化的工作場所，伴隨工程進度的不同，工作的危險因子也不斷的改變，塑造出不安全的工作環境，大幅提高營造業勞工作業之危險性。 依行政院勞工委員會統計資料顯示，營造業從業勞工占全產業勞工人數10％以下，但歷年重大職災死亡人數卻占全產業50％以上。為有效降低營造業之職業災害，在勞工安全衛生主管機關推動相關減災專案及法規修定，及公、民營事業單位及檢查機關共同配合辦理下，營造業職災死亡人數大幅減少。依90年至96年營造業職災人數分析顯示，近年營造業職災人數減少主要為公共工程職災人數(96年占營造業29.9%)大幅降低，而民間工程職災人數下降有限，顯現公共工程之職災預防成效。因此政府應持續推動相關減災專案及配套措施，並擴大至各縣市政府及鄉鎮公所相關公共工程，以建立營造工程進行與勞工安全衛生管理並行，將公共工程安全衛生管理架構移轉至民間工程，並建立施工現場管理組織，成立現場巡檢小組，落實現場安衛管理，同時加強勞工安全衛生教育訓練，提昇有效使用防護器具，降低作業環境危險因子，以提供勞工更安全衛生的工作環境，避免營造業職業災害發生。 雖然近年相關減災計畫陸續推動後已顯現減災成效，但國內職業災害死亡與國外相較之下，仍顯偏高，為勞工建立一個更安全的工作環境，本研究依營造工程的施工特性，研擬建立營造業勞工安全衛生管理機制，並期待藉由營造業勞工安全衛生管理機制之推動，以降低營造業之職業災害發生率。 Construction Engineering is the fundamental industry ranging from small-engineering as road, house, and bridge construction, to large-engineering as rapid transit, power plants, and dam construction. However, construction engineering is different to other industry due to its working environment. Most of the construction engineering environment changes rapidly. In the meantime, the risk factors change at different stage of construction, therefore the unsafe working environments increased. Accordingly to the statistics data from Labor Affairs Council of Executive Yuan, workforce of construction industry accounted for less than 10% of the total workforce, however, historical record shows the death rate due to work, accounted for more than 50% of total workforce. Moreover, public construction disasters accounted for more than 50% of construction industry (2002~2004). In order to prevent disasters during work, competent authority has implemented relevant projects and law revision towards disaster reduction. Furthermore, with support from state, private owned business units and inspection authorities, the disasters within construction industry have reduced significantly. Construction industry analysis from 2001 to 2007 shows that the number of recent disaster has been reduced due to significant disaster reduction in public construction (accounted for 29.9% of construction industry in 2007). The effect of reduction from civil engineering is limited, thus this shows the prevention in public construction is vitally important towards disaster prevention. Therefore, government should continue to implement disaster reduction projects and measures, and expands those concepts to other public constructions in different counties/cities. Moreover, establish health & safety management of labor along with construction that is in process, and transfer the structure of health and safety management for public construction to civil engineering. Enhance the prevention of implementation falling, collapse objects, and electric related objects (account for more than 70%). Set measures on disaster prevention based on the analysis of disaster type and its cause. Furthermore, establish construction site management, and on-site patrol unit to safeguard on-site safety. In additional to that, enhance labor training on the use of protection equipment, in the hope to reduce risk and provide safer working environment. Although in recent years, disaster mitigation plan has emerged to promote the effectiveness of disaster reduction, however, occupational hazard in Taiwan still have room for improvement comparing with other countries, and build a safer working environment for labors, under the condition of health and safety management mechanism. |
