摘要 內政部因應台灣高齡化的老人福利產業對策，多次會議研商後於92年8月提出「促進民間參與老人住宅建設推動方案」，並於93年4月26日正式頒布，且擬訂相關配套措施，但卻施行成果不佳，於97年1月暫緩施行。另外，少子化已是台灣不可抗拒的趨勢，導致學生人數較少的學校面臨倂校及廢校之命運，因而導致校舍空間閒置。 綜上論述，本研究為找出一個解決的均衡點，嘗試將已裁倂校舍、校地改建為老人住宅之整體社區，冀望能解決在少子化社會、高齡化社會所衍生出的校舍閒置問題，此為引發研究之動機。因此，本研究主要目的有三點，一、現況分析：裁倂校學校之現況及其管理情形、老人住宅相關法規分析、民間參與老人住宅推動現況分析；二、老人住宅推動時所面臨之阻礙，擬定其具體作法；三、擬定已裁倂學校改建為老人住宅之推動作業流程，且分析推動過程中所涉及相關法令。 分析發現，90~96年度已裁倂學校共計90所，已活化學校占20%、半活化學校占42%、活化中學校占11%、活化計畫研擬中占7%、閒置學校占20%；完成活化之學校，大多做為旅遊中心、藝文及教學場所；或租借給社區、部落、政府機關、機構租用等使用。 「促進民間參與老人住宅建設推動方案」實施迄今，影響成效不佳的原因，本研究歸類以下推動障礙，一、供給端：高建築成本、融資困難、誘因不足、錯估需求；二、需求端：需求量低、老人住宅定義認知不足、收費較高；三、程序端：審查標準不一致、申請程序過於複雜；四、法令端：未規定相關罰則、未規定退場機制。因此，本研究擬訂9項相關具體作法，冀望能改善老人住宅推動時的障礙：一、放寬貸款資格，二、放寬稅收優惠，三、擬定減收土地租金、權利金之辦法，四、訂定標準審核機制，五、多機能性開發，六、以長期照護保險機制推動，七、研擬相關罰則，八、研擬退場機制，九、研擬回饋機制。另外，本研究針對將裁併學校改建為老人住宅過程中面臨障礙，擬訂3項之具體作法：一、多機能性開發老人住宅，二、開放飯店業者附屬經營老人住宅，三、機關協助界面整合。 Ageing is a fast developing social problem worldwide. Equally challenging is the decre-asing number of children in households, which causes many grade schools to be closed. This work finds transforming those closes schools into housing for the aged quite feasible and useful. And a major approach to realize this possibility is by promoting private participation in infrastructure or BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer). The aim of this work is three-fold: 1. Investigation of current status, i.e. a survey of closed grades schools island-wide and relevant laws and regulations in housing for the aged; 2. Identification of barriers which impede private participation in aged housing; 3. Drafting the comprehensive procedures upon which an aged housing BOT case must follow. This study confirms the total number of closed grade schools is 90, 20% of which have already been rejuvenated, 42% of which are not re-modeled but currently occupied by other non-education purposes, 11% of which are under certain program of rejuvenation, and finally 20% of which are idle and receive no attention for future use. It is found that Taiwan’s housing for aged program is still stagnant for the following reasons. On the supply side, the cost is high and profit margin is relatively low. On the demand side, the definition of aged housing is blurred and demand is unclear. In terms of regulation, the administrative procures are still complicated and there lacks clear standards. In terms of legal structure, the most critical factor is lack of security and penalty measure upon the developer. The major conclusion of this work is that government must provide strong incentives in order to attract capital into this area of BOT opportunities. A total of nine measures are confirmed and proposed for government agencies to take heed of when forming aged housing BOT tendering. This work also concludes that 1. a successful aged housing BOT plan must be multi-function; 2. the housing program will integrate with certain dining service, as auxiliary investment opportunity; and 3. government agencies must form a central or unified platform of administrative management.
